Date: Sat, 1 Oct 2022 13:09:54 -0700 From: David Christensen <dpchrist@holgerdanske.com> To: questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: mkdir error message -- what does this mean? Message-ID: <21833a06-7fbd-b064-4179-1630936d5c8d@holgerdanske.com> In-Reply-To: <b270b218-ffce-e098-4b66-cc48a1eb4da3@safeport.com> References: <e293b9c3b1c168ad1eee3a65510b1aa9@nyclocal.net> <CAGBxaXnc_ornipZxX=NgoDagCjcU80vMXZ1EjZr8j-8RrcdJnw@mail.gmail.com> <CAFbbPuhXUqwcq%2BKsdD=q6C-w6JcypZLMKJGb9vUGp2k8r=G3=Q@mail.gmail.com> <20220930200244.31d71c489812fd26c0d39769@sohara.org> <b270b218-ffce-e098-4b66-cc48a1eb4da3@safeport.com>
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On 10/1/22 09:09, doug wrote: > > > On Fri, 30 Sep 2022, Steve O'Hara-Smith wrote: > >> On Fri, 30 Sep 2022 14:48:09 -0400 >> Paul Procacci <pprocacci@gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> 31 EMLINK Too many links. Maximum allowable hard links to a single >>> file has been exceeded (limit of 32767 hard links per file). >>> >>> I betcha the parent directory has at least this many number of >>> objects in >>> it. >> >> DIRHASH has a lot to answer for, time was we'd jump through hoops >> when writing applications to avoid having huge numbers of files in a >> directory, now nobody notices any problems until they hit the limit. >> > > I hit this limit long, long ago. Maybe Version 4 or 5, made the change > and forgot all about it. I guess mergermaster and freebsd-update rolled my > number forward or the default was made bigger than anything I have now. > The only reason for my comment is a bunch of cyrus accounts have inboxes > with 200-300k emails. They happily make and delete folders that > subdirectories of /var/spool/imap/user/user-name. Perhaps the OP should switch to ZFS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS#Capacity "ZFS is a 128-bit file system, so it can address 1.84E+19 times more data than 64-bit systems such as Btrfs. The maximum limits of ZFS are designed to be so large that they should never be encountered in practice. For instance, fully populating a single zpool with 2**128 bits of data would require 3.0E+24 TB hard disk drives. Some theoretical limits in ZFS are: 16 exbibytes (2**64 bytes): maximum size of a single file 2**48: number of entries in any individual directory 16 exbibytes: maximum size of any attribute 2**56: number of attributes of a file (actually constrained to 2**48 for the number of files in a directory) 2**56 quadrillion zebibytes (2**128 bytes): maximum size of any zpool 2**64: number of devices in any zpool 2**64: number of file systems in a zpool 2**64: number of zpools in a system" David
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