Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 17:02:08 -0800 (PST) From: grog@FreeBSD.ORG (Greg Lehey) To: FreeBSD-questions@FreeBSD.org Subject: "The Complete FreeBSD", second edition: errata and addenda Message-ID: <20030308010208.BC31D37B406@hub.freebsd.org>
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Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition Last revision: 21 June 1999 The trouble with books is that you can't update them the way you can a web page or any other online documentation. The result is that most leading edge computer books are out of date almost before they are printed. Unfortunately, ``The Complete FreeBSD'', published by Walnut Creek, is no exception. In- evitably, a number of bugs and changes have surfaced. The following is a list of modifications which go beyond simple typos. They relate to the second edition, formatted on 16 December 1997. If you have this book, please check this list. If you have the first edition of 19 July 1996, please check ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-1. This same file is also available via the web link http://www.lemis.com/. This list is available in four forms: o A PostScript version, suitable for printing out, at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.ps. See page 222 of the book to find out how to print out PostScript. If at all possible, please take this document: it's closest to the original text. Be careful selecting this file with a web browser: it is often impossible to reload the document, and you may see a previously cached version. o An enhanced ASCII version at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.txt. When viewed with more or less, this version will show some highlighting and underlining. It's not suitable for direct viewing. o An ASCII-only version at ftp://ftp.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/errata-2.ascii. This version is posted every week to the FreeBSD-questions mailing list. Only take this version if you have real problems with PostScript: I can't be sure that the lack of different fonts won't confuse the meaning. o A web version at http://www.lemis.com/errata-2.html. All these modifications have been applied to the ongoing source text of the book, so if you buy a later edition, they will be in it as well. If you find a Page 1 The Complete FreeBSD bug or a suspected bug in the book, please contact me at <grog@FreeBSD.org.> General changes _______________ o In a number of places, I suggest the use of the following command to find process information: $ ps aux | grep foo Unfortunately, ps is sensitive to the column width of the terminal emulator upon which it is working. This command usually works fine on a relatively wide xterm, but if you're running on an 80-column terminal, it may truncate exactly the information you're looking for, so you end up with no output. You can fix that with the w option: $ ps waux | grep foo Thanks to Sue Blake <sue@welearn.com.au> for this information Location of the sample files ____________________________ On the 2.2.5 CD-ROM only, the location of the sample files does not match the specifications in the book (/book on the first CD-ROM). The 2.2.5 CD-ROM came out before the book, and it contains the files on the third (repository) CD-ROM as a single gzipped tar file /xperimnt/cfbsd/cfbsd.tar.gz. It contains the following files: drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 13:01 1997 cfbsd/ drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 13:01 1997 cfbsd/mutt/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 352 Oct 15 15:21 1997 cfbsd/mutt/.mail_aliases -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 9394 Oct 15 15:22 1997 cfbsd/mutt/.muttrc drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 17 14:02 1997 cfbsd/scripts/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 18281 Oct 16 16:52 1997 cfbsd/scripts/.fvwm2rc -rwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 1392 Oct 17 12:54 1997 cfbsd/scripts/install-desktop -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 296 Oct 17 12:35 1997 cfbsd/scripts/.xinitrc -rwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 622 Oct 17 13:51 1997 cfbsd/scripts/install-rcfiles -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 1133 Oct 17 13:00 1997 cfbsd/scripts/Uutry -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 1028 Oct 17 14:02 1997 cfbsd/scripts/README drwxr-xr-x jkh/jkh 0 Oct 18 19:32 1997 cfbsd/docs/ -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 199111 Oct 16 14:29 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages.txt Page 2 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 189333 Oct 16 14:28 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages-by-category.txt -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 188108 Oct 16 14:29 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages.ps -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 226439 Oct 16 14:27 1997 cfbsd/docs/packages-by-category.ps -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 788 Oct 16 15:01 1997 cfbsd/README -rw-r--r-- jkh/jkh 248 Oct 17 11:52 1997 cfbsd/errata To extract one of these files, say cfbsd/docs/packages.txt, and assuming you have the CD-ROM mounted as /cdrom, enter: # cd /usr/share/doc # tar xvzf /cdrom/xperimnt/cfbsd/cfbsd.tar.gz cfbsd/docs/packages.txt See page 209 for more information on using tar. These files are an early version of what is described in the book. I'll put up some updated versions on ftp://ftp.lemis.com/ in the near future. Thanks to Frank McCormick <gfm@readybox.com> for drawing this to my attention. Chapter 8: Setting up X11 _________________________ For FreeBSD 2.2.7, this chapter has changed sufficiently to make it impractical to distribute errata. You can download the PostScript version from ftp://www.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/xsetup.ps, or the ASCII version from ftp://www.lemis.com/pub/cfbsd/xsetup.txt. No HTML version is available. Page xxxiv __________ Before the discussion of the shell prompts in the middle of the page, add: In this book, I recommend the use of the Bourne shell or one of its descendents (sh, bash, pdksh, ksh or zsh). With the exception of sh, they are all in the Ports Collection. I personally use the bash shell. This is a personal preference, and a recommendation, but it's not the standard shell. The standard BSD shell is the C shell (csh), which has a fuller- featured descendent tcsh. In particular, the standard installation sets the root user up with a csh. See page 152 (in this errata) for details of how to change the shell. Page 3 General changes Page 11: Reading the handbook _____________________________ The CD-ROM now includes Netscape. Replace the last paragraph on the page and the example on the following page with: If you're running X, you can use a browser like netscape to read the handbook. If you don't have X running yet, use lynx. Both of these programs are included on the CD-ROM. To install them, enter: # pkg_add /cdrom/packages/All/netscape-communicator-4.5.tgz or # pkg_add /cdrom/packages/All/lynx-2.8.1.1.tgz The numbers after the name (4.5 and 2.8.1.1) may change after this book has been printed. Use ls to list the names if you can't find these particular versions. Note that lynx is not a complete substitute for netscape: since it is text- only, it is not capable of displaying the large majority of web pages correctly. It will suffice for reading most of the handbook, however. Thanks to Stuart Henderson <stuart@internationalschool.co.uk> and <gkaplan@cas- tle.net> for drawing this to my attention. Page 12: Printing the handbook ______________________________ The instructions for formatting the handbook are obsolete. Replace the section starting Alternatively, you can print out the handbook with the following text: Alternatively, you can print out the handbook. You need to have the documentation sources (/usr/doc) installed on your system. You can find them on the second CD-ROM in the directory of the same name. To install them, first mount your CD-ROM (see page 175). Then enter: $ cd /cdrom/usr/doc/handbook $ mkdir -p /usr/doc/handbook you may need to be root for this operation $ cp -pr * /usr/doc/handbook You have a choice of formats for the output: o ascii will give you plain 7-bit ASCII output, suitable for reading on a character-mode terminal. Page 4 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition o html will give you HTML output, suitable for browsing with a web browser. o latex will give you LATEX format, suitable for further processing with TEX and LATEX. o ps will give you PostScript output, probably the best choice for printing. o roff will give you output in troff source. You can process this output with nroff or troff, but it's currently not very polished. LATEX output is a better choice if you want to process it further. Once you have decided your format, use make to create the document. For example, if you decide on PostScript format, you would enter: $ make FORMATS=ps This creates a file handbook.ps which you can then print to a PostScript printer or with the aid of ghostscript (see page 222). Thanks to Bob Beer <r-beer@onu.edu> for drawing this to my attention. Page 45: Preparing floppies for installation _____________________________________________ Replace the paragraph below the list of file names (in the middle of the page) with: The floppy set should contain the file bin.inf and the ones whose names start with bin. followed by two letters. These other files are all 240640 bytes long, except for the final one which is usually shorter. Use the MS-DOS COPY program to copy as many files as will fit onto each disk (5 or 6) until you've got all the distributions you want packed up in this fashion. Copy each distribution into subdirectory corresponding to the base name--for example, copy the bin distribution to the files A:\BIN\BIN.INF, A:\BIN\BIN.AA and so on. Page 80 and 81 ______________ In a couple of examples, the FreeBSD partition is shown as type 164. It should be 165. Thanks to an unknown contributer for this correction (sorry, I lost your name). Page 5 General changes Page 88: setting up for dumping _______________________________ The example mentions a variable savecore in /etc/rc.conf. This variable is no longer used--it's enough to set the variable dumpdev. Page 92 _______ At the end of the section How to install a package add the text: Alternatively, you can install packages from the /stand/sysinstall Final Configuration Menu. We saw this menu on page in figure 4-14 on page 71. When you start sysinstall from the command line, you get to this menu by selecting Index, and then selecting Configure. Page 93 _______ Before the heading Install ports from the first CD-ROM add: Install ports when installing the system ________________________________________ The file ports/ports.tgz on the first CD-ROM is a tar archive containing all the ports. You can install it with the base system if you select the Custom distribution and include the ports collection. If you didn't install them at the time, use the following method to install them all (about 40 MB). Make sure your CD-ROM is mounted (in this example on /cdrom), and enter: Page 96 _______ Replace the example at the top of the page with: Instead, do: # cd /cd4/ports/distfiles # mkdir -p /usr/ports/distfiles make sure you have a distfiles directory # for i in *; do > ln -s /cd4/ports/distfiles/$i /usr/ports/distfiles/$i > done Page 6 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition If you're using csh or tcsh, enter: # cd /cd4/ports/distfiles # mkdir -p /usr/ports/distfiles make sure you have a distfiles directory # foreach i (*) ? ln -s /cd4/ports/distfiles/$i /usr/ports/distfiles/$i ? end Thanks to Christopher Raven <gurab@lineone.net> and Francois Jacques <fran- cois.jacques@callisto.si.usherb.ca> for drawing this to my attention. Page 104 ________ The examples at the bottom of the page and the top of the next page specify the wrong directory (/usr). It should be /usr/X11R6. Replace the examples with: For a full install, choose /cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331*.tgz. If you are using sh, enter: # cd /usr/X11R6 # for i in /cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331*.tgz; do # tar xzf $i # done If you are using csh, enter: % cd /usr/X11R6 % foreach i (/cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331*.tgz) % tar xzf $i % end For a minimal installation, first choose a server archive corresponding to your VGA board. If table 8-2 on page 103 doesn't give you enough information, check the server man pages, starting on page 1545, which list the VGA chip sets supported by each server. For example, if you have an ET4000 based board you will use the XF86_SVGA server. In this case you would enter: # cd /usr/X11R6 # tar xzf /cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331SVGA.tgz substitute your server name here # for i in bin fnts lib xicf; do # tar xzf /cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331$i.tgz # done Page 7 Install ports when installing the system If you are using csh, enter: % cd /usr/X11R6 % tar xzf /cdrom/dists/XF86331/X331SVGA.tgz substitute your server name here % foreach i (bin fnts lib xicf) % tar xzf /cdrom/dists/XF86331/$i % end Thanks to Manuel Enrique Garcia Cuesta <megarcia@intercom.es> for pointing out this one. Page 128 ________ Replace the complete text below the example with the following: These values are defaults, and many are either incorrect for FreeBSD (for example the device name /dev/com1) or do not apply at all (for example Xqueue). If you are configuring manually, select one Protocol and one Device entry from the following selection. If you must use a two-button mouse, uncomment the keyword Emulate3Buttons--in this mode, pressing both mouse buttons simultane- ously within Emulate3Timeout milliseconds causes the server to report a middle button press. Section "Pointer" Protocol "Microsoft" for Microsoft protocol mice Protocol "MouseMan" for Logitech mice Protocol "PS/2" for a PS/2 mouse Protocol "Busmouse" for a bus mouse Device "/dev/ttyd0" for a mouse on the first serial port Device "/dev/ttyd1" for a mouse on the second serial port Device "/dev/ttyd2" for a mouse on the third serial port Device "/dev/ttyd3" for a mouse on the fourth serial port Device "/dev/psm0" for a PS/2 mouse Device "/dev/mse0" for a bus mouse Emulate3Buttons only for a two-button mouse EndSection You'll notice that the protocol name does not always match the manufacturer's Page 8 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition name. In particular, the Logitech protocol only applies to older Logitech mice. The newer ones use either the MouseMan or Microsoft protocols. Nearly all modern serial mice run one of these two protocols, and most run both. If you are using a bus mouse or a PS/2 mouse, make sure that the device driver is included in the kernel. The GENERIC kernel contains drivers for both mice, but the PS/2 driver is disabled. Use UserConfig (see page 50) to enable it. Page 140 ________ Just before the paragraph The super user add the following paragraph: If you do manage to lose the root password, all may not be lost. Reboot the machine to single user mode (see page 157), and enter: # mount -u / mount root file system read/write # mount /usr mount /usr file system (if separate) # passwd root change the password for root Enter new password: Enter password again: # ^D enter ctrl-D to continue with startup If you have a separate /usr file system (the normal case), you need to mount it as well, since the passwd program is in the directory /usr/bin. Note that you should explicitly state the name root: in single user mode, the system doesn't have the concept of user IDs. Page 148 ________ Replace the text at the top of the page with: Modern shells supply command line editing which resembles the editors vi or Emacs. In bash, sh, ksh, and zsh you can make the choice by entering Page 152 ________ After figure 10-8, add the following text: It would be tedious for every user to put settings in their private initialization files, so the shells also read a system-wide default file. For the Bourne shell family, it is /etc/profile, while the C shell family has three Page 9 Install ports when installing the system files: /etc/csh.login to be executed on login, /etc/csh.cshrc to be executed when a new shell is started after you log in, and /etc/csh.logout to be executed when you stop a shell. The start files are executed before the corresponding individual files. In addition, login classes (page 141) offer another method of setting environment variables at a global level. Changing your shell ___________________ The FreeBSD installation gives root a C shell, csh. This is the traditional Berkeley shell, but it has a number of disadvantages: command line editing is very primitive, and the script language is significantly different from that of the Bourne shell, which is the de facto standard for shell scripts: if you stay with the C shell, you may still need to understand the Bourne shell. The latest version of the Bourne shell sh also includes some command line editing. See page 148 for details of how to enable it. You can get better command line editing with tcsh, in the Ports Collection. You can get both better command line editing and Bourne shell syntax with bash, also in the Ports Collection. If you have root access, you can use vipw to change your shell, but there's a more general way: use chsh (Change Shell). Simply run the program. It starts your favourite editor (as defined by the EDITOR environment variable). Here's an example before: #Changing user database information for velte. Shell: /bin/csh Full Name: Jack Velte Location: Office Phone: Home Phone: You can change anything after the colons. For example, you might change this to: #Changing user database information for velte. Shell: /usr/local/bin/bash Full Name: Jack Velte Location: On the road Office Phone: +1-408-555-1999 Home Phone: Page 10 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition chsh checks and updates the password files when you save the modifications and exit the editor. The next time you log in, you get the new shell. chsh tries to ensure you don't make any mistakes--for example, it won't let you enter the name of a shell which isn't mentioned in the file /etc/shells--but it's a very good idea to check the shell before logging out. You can try this with su, which you normally use to become super user: bumble# su velte Password: su-2.00$ note the new prompt There are a couple of problems in using tcsh or bash as a root shell: o The shell for root must be on the root file system, otherwise it will not work in single user mode. Unfortunately, most ports of shells put the shell in the directory /usr/local/bin, which is almost never on the root file system. o Most shells are dynamically linked: they rely on library routines in files such as /usr/lib/libc.a. These files are not available in single user mode, so the shells won't work. You can solve this problem by creating statically linked versions of the shell, but this requires programming experience beyond the scope of this book. If you can get hold of a statically linked version, perform the following steps to install it: o Copy the shell to /bin, for example: # cp /usr/local/bin/bash /bin o Add the name of the shell to /etc/shells, in this example the line in bold print: # List of acceptable shells for chpass(1). # Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using # one of these shells. /bin/sh /bin/csh /bin/bash You can then change the shell for root as described above. Page 11 Install ports when installing the system Thanks to Lars Koller <Lars.Koeller@Uni-Bielefeld.DE> for drawing this to my attention. Page 160 ________ Replace the text at the fourth bullet with the augmented text: The second-level boot locates the kernel, by default the file /kernel on the root file system, and loads it into memory. It prints the Boot: prompt at this point so that you can influence this choice--see the man page on page 579 for more details of what you can enter at this prompt. Page 169 ________ Replace the last paragraph on the page with: The standard solution for these problems is to relocate the /tmp file system to a different directory, say /usr/tmp, and create a symbolic link from /usr/tmp to /tmp--see Chapter 4, Installing FreeBSD, page 72, for more details. Thanks to Charlie Sorsby <crs@hgo.net> for drawing this to my attention. Page 176 ________ Add the following paragraph Unmounting file systems When you mount a file system, the system assumes it is going to stay there, and in the interests of efficiency it delays writing data back to the file system. This is the same effect we discussed on page 158. As a result, if you want to stop using a file system, you need to tell the system about it. You do this with the umount command. Note the spelling--there's no n in the command name. You need to do this even with read-only media such as CD-ROMs: the system assumes it can access the data from a mounted file system, and it gets quite unhappy if it can't. Where possible, it locks removable media so that you can't remove them from the device until you unmount them. Using umount is straightforward: just tell it what to unmount, either the device name or the directory name. For example, to unmount the CD-ROM we Page 12 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition mounted in the example above, you could enter one of these commands: # umount /dev/cd1a # umount /cd1 Before unmounting a file system, umount checks that nobody is using it. If somebody is using it, it will refuse to unmount it with a message like umount: /cd1: Device busy. This message often occurs because you have changed your directory to a directory on the file system you want to remove. For example (which also shows the usefulness of having directory names in the prompt): === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) /cd1 16 -> umount /cd1 umount: /cd1: Device busy === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) /cd1 17 -> cd === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) ~ 18 -> umount /cd1 === root@freebie (/dev/ttyp2) ~ 19 -> Thanks to Ken Deboy <glockr@locked_and_loaded.reno.nv.us> for pointing out this omission. Page 180 ________ The example in the middle of the page should read: For example, to generate a second set of 32 pseudo-terminals, enter: # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV pty1 You can generate up to 256 pseudo-terminals. They are named ttyp0 through ttypv, ttyq0 through ttyqv, ttyr0 through ttyrv, ttys0 through ttysv, ttyP0 through ttyPv, ttyQ0 through ttyQv, ttyR0 through ttyRv and ttyS0 through ttySv. To create each set of 32 terminals, use the number of the set: the first set is pty0, and the eighth set is pty7. Note that some processes, such as xterm, only look at ttyp0 through ttysv. Thanks to Karl Wagner <karl@softronex.dynip.com> for pointing out this error. Page 197, first line ____________________ The text of the first full sentence reads: Page 13 Install ports when installing the system The first name, up the the symbol, is the label. In fact, it should read: The first name, up to the | symbol, is the label. Page 208, middle of page ________________________ The example shows the file name /dev/rst0 when using the Bourne shell, and /dev/nrst0 when using C shell and friends. This is inconsistent; use /dev/nrst0 with any shell if you want a non-rewinding tape, or /dev/rst0 if you want a rewinding tape. Thanks to Norman C Rice <nrice@emu.sourcee.com> for pointing out this one. Page 219 ________ Before the section Testing the spooler add the following section: As we saw above, the line printer daemon lpd is responsible for printing spooled jobs. By default it isn't started at boot time. If you're root, you can start it by name: # lpd Normally, however, you will want it to be started automatically when the system starts up. You do this by setting the variable lpd_enable in /etc/rc.conf: lpd_enable="YES" # Run the line printer daemon See page for more details of /etc/rc.conf. Another line in /etc/rc.conf refers to the line printer daemon: lpd_flags="" # Flags to lpd (if enabled). You don't normally need to change this line. See the man page for lpd for details of the flags. Thanks to Tommy G. James <tgj@worldnet.att.net> for bringing this to my attention. Page 14 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition Page 231 ________ Replace the first line of the example with: xhost presto bumble gw The original version allowed anybody on the Internet to access your system. Thanks to Jerry Dunham <dunham@dunham.org> for drawing this one to my attention. Page 237 ________ In the section Installing the sample desktop, replace the first paragraph with: You'll find all the files described in this chapter on the first CD-ROM (Installation CD-ROM) in the directory /book. Remember that you must mount the CD-ROM before you can access the files--see page 175 for further details. The individual scripts are in the directory /book/scripts, but you'll probably find it easier to install them with the script install-desktop: Thanks to Chris Kaiser <kaiserc@fltg.net> for drawing this to my attention. Page 242 ________ The instructions for extracting the source files from CD-ROM in the middle of page 242 are incorrect. You'll find the kernel sources on the first CD-ROM in the directory /src. Replace the example with: # mkdir -p /usr/src/sys # ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys # cd / # cat /cdrom/src/ssys.[a-d]* | tar xzvf - Thanks to Raymond Noel <raynoel@videotron.ca>, Suttipan Limanond <b0l6604@unix.tamu.edu> and Satwant <wizkid11@xnet.com> for finding this one in several small slices. Page 15 Install ports when installing the system Page 257 ________ Replace the paragraph Berkeley Packet Filter with: pseudo-device bpfilter ______________________ The Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf) allows you to capture packets crossing a network interface to disk or to examine them with the tcpdump program. Note that this capability represents a significant compromise of network security. The number after bpfilter is the number of concurrent processes that can use the facility. Not all network interfaces support bpf. In order to use the Berkeley Packet Filter, you must also create the device nodes /dev/bpf0 to /dev/bpf3 (if you're using the default number 4). Current- ly, MAKEDEV doesn't help much--you need to create each device separately: # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV bpf0 # ./MAKEDEV bpf1 # ./MAKEDEV bpf2 # ./MAKEDEV bpf3 Thanks to Christopher Raven <c.raven@ukonline.co.uk> for drawing this to my attention. Page 264 ________ In the list of disk driver flags, add: o Bit 12 (0x1000) enables LBA (logical block addressing mode). If this bit is not set, the driver accesses the disk in CHS (cylinder/head/sector) mode. o In CHS mode, if bits 11 to 8 are not equal to 0, they specify the number of heads to assume (between 1 and 15). The driver recalculates the number of cylinders to make up the total size of the disk. Page 16 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition Page 273, ``Building the kernel'' _________________________________ Replace the example with: Next, change to the build directory and build the kernel: # cd ../../compile/FREEBIE # make depend # make The make depend is needed even if the directory has just been created: apart from creating dependency information, it also creates some files needed for the build. Thanks to Mark Ovens <marcov@globalnet.co.uk> for drawing this to my attention. Page 283, ``Creating the source tree'' ______________________________________ Add a third point to what you need to know: 3. Possibly, the date of the last update that you want to be included in the checkout. If you specify this date, cvs ignores any more recent updates. This option is often useful when somebody discovers a recently introduced bug in -CURRENT: you check out the modules as they were before the bug was introduced. You specify the date with the -D option, for example -D "10 December 1997". Page 285, after the second example. ___________________________________ Add the text: If you need to check out an older version, for example if there are problems with the most recent version of -CURRENT, you could enter: # cvs co -D "10 December 1997" src/sys This command checks out the kernel sources as of 10 December 1997. Page 17 Install ports when installing the system Page 294 ________ Add the following section: Problems executing Linux binaries _________________________________ One of the problems with the ELF format used by more recent Linux binaries is that they usually contain no information to identify them as Linux binaries. They might equally well be BSD/OS or UnixWare binaries. That's not really a problem at this point, since the only ELF format that FreeBSD 3.2 understands is Linux, but FreeBSD-CURRENT recognizes a native FreeBSD ELF format as well, and of course that's the default. If you want to run a Linux ELF binary on such a system, you must brand the executable using the program brandelf. For example, to brand the StarOffice program swriter3, you would enter: # brandelf -t linux /usr/local/StarOffice-3.1/linux-x86/bin/swriter3 Thanks to Dan Busarow <dan@dpcsys.com> for bringing this to my attention. Page 364, middle of page ________________________ Change the text from: The names MYADDR and HISADDR are keywords which represent the addresses at each end of the link. They must be written as shown, though they may be in lower case. to The names MYADDR and HISADDR are keywords which represent the addresses at each end of the link. They must be written as shown, though newer versions of ppp allow you to write them in lower case. Thanks to Mark S. Reichman <mark@fang.cs.sunyit.edu> for this correction. Page 368 ________ Replace the paragraph after the second example with: In FreeBSD version 3.0 and later, specify the options PPP_BSDCOMP and Page 18 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition PPP_DEFLATE to enable two kinds of compression. You'll also need to specify the corresponding option in Kernel PPP's configuration file. These options are not available in FreeBSD version 2. Thanks to Brian Somers <brian@Awfulhak.org> for this information. Page 397 ________ In the section ``Nicknames'', the example should read: www IN CNAME freebie ftp IN CNAME presto In other words, there should be a space between CNAME and the system name. Page 422 ________ Replace the text above the example with: tcpdump is a program which monitors a network interface and displays selected information which passes through it. It uses the Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf), an optional component of the kernel. It is not included in the GENERIC kernel: see page 257 for information on how to configure it. If you don't configure the Berkeley Packet Filter, you will get a message like tcpdump: /dev/bpf0: device not configured If you forget to create the devices for bpf, you will get a message like: tcpdump: /dev/bpf0: No such file or directory Since tcpdump poses a potential security problem, you must be root in order to run it. The simplest way to run it is without any parameters. This will cause tcpdump to monitor and display all traffic on the first active network interface, normally Ethernet: Thanks to Christopher Raven <c.raven@ukonline.co.uk> for drawing this to my attention. Page 19 Install ports when installing the system Page 423 ________ The description at the top of the page incorrectly uses the term IP address instead of Ethernet address. In addition, a page number reference is incorrect. Replace the paragraph with: o Line 1 shows an ARP request: system presto is looking for the Ethernet address of wait. It would appear that wait is currently not responding, since there is no reply. o Line 2 is not an IP message at all. tcpdump shows the Ethernet addresses and the beginning of the packet. We don't consider this kind of request in this book. o Line 3 is a broadcast ntp message. We looked at ntp on page 160. o Line 4 is another attempt by presto to find the IP address of wait. o Line 5 is a broadcast message from bumble on the rwho port, giving information about its current load averages and how long it has been up. See the man page for rwho on page 1167 for more information. o Line 6 is from a TCP connection between port 6000 on freebie and port 1089 on presto. It is sending 384 bytes (with the sequence numbers 536925467 to 536925851; see page 305), and is acknowledging that the last byte it received from presto had the sequence number 325114346. The window size is 17280. o Line 7 is another ARP request. presto is looking for the Ethernet address of freebie. How can that happen? We've just seen that they have a TCP connection. In fact, ARP information expires after 20 minutes. It's quite possible that all connections between presto and freebie have been dormant for this period, so presto needs to find freebie's IP address again. o Line 8 is the ARP reply from freebie to presto giving its Ethernet address. o Line 9 shows a reply from presto on the connection to freebie that we saw on line 6. It acknowledges the data up to sequence number 536925851, but doesn't send any itself. o Line 10 shows another 448 bytes of data from freebie to presto, and acknowledging the same sequence number from presto as in line 6. Thanks to Sergei S. Laskavy <laskavy@hedgehog.cs.msu.su> for drawing this to my Page 20 Errata and addenda for the Complete FreeBSD, second edition attention. Page 450: anonymous ftp _______________________ Replace the paragraph starting with Create a user ftp: Create a user ftp, with the anonymous ftp directory as the home directory and the shell /dev/null. Using /dev/null as the shell makes it impossible to log in as user ftp, but does not interfere with the use of anonymous ftp. ftp can be a member of group bin, or you can create a new group ftp by adding the group to /etc/group. See page 138 for more details of adding users, and the man page on page 805 for adding groups. Thanks to Mark S. Reichman <mark@borg.com> for drawing this to my attention. Page 466, before the ps example _______________________________ Add another bullet: o Finally, you may find it convenient to let some other system handle all your mail delivery for you: you just send anything you can't deliver locally to this other host, which sendmail calls a smart host. This is particularly convenient if you send your mail with UUCP. To tell sendmail to use a smart host (in our case, mail.example.net), find the following line in sendmail.cf: # "Smart" relay host (may be null) DS Change it to: # "Smart" relay host (may be null) DSmail.example.net Page 478, ``Running Apache'' ____________________________ The text describes the location of the server as /usr/local/www/server/httpd. This appears to depend on where you get the port from. Some people report the file being at the more likely location /usr/local/sbin/httpd (though note the Page 21 Install ports when installing the system directory sbin, not bin). Check both locations if you run into trouble. Thanks to Sue Blake <sue@welearn.com.au> for this information. Page 492 ________ Replace references to nmdb with nmbd. Page 493 ________ Replace the last paragraph on the page with: socket options is hardly mentioned in the documentation, but it's very important: many Microsoft implementations of TCP/IP are inefficient and establish a new TCP more often than necessary. Select the socket options TCP_NODELAY and IPTOS_LOWDELAY, which can speed up the response time of such applications by over 95%. Page 22 To Unsubscribe: send mail to majordomo@FreeBSD.org with "unsubscribe freebsd-questions" in the body of the message
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