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Date:      Thu, 18 Jul 2024 18:34:12 +0200
From:      tuexen@freebsd.org
To:        Junho Choi <junho.choi@gmail.com>
Cc:        Alan Somers <asomers@freebsd.org>, FreeBSD Net <freebsd-net@freebsd.org>
Subject:   Re: TCP Success Story (was Re: TCP_RACK, TCP_BBR, and firewalls)
Message-ID:  <B2A62C1B-9BD4-4F82-A296-07A3B41CA402@freebsd.org>
In-Reply-To: <CAJ5e%2BHAvNbazCkd_G_E=QojqknQe23khCimyKWk=TTyzHr2j0Q@mail.gmail.com>
References:  <CAOtMX2iLv5OW4jQiBOHqMvcqkQSznTyO-eWMrOcHWbpeyaeRsg@mail.gmail.com> <C7467BCD-7232-4C6C-873E-EEC2482214A7@freebsd.org> <CAOtMX2hGYfm0U0L25-vHSX0iOyKCbZydaAzye6Y6U59mQeF7rA@mail.gmail.com> <B86DCBA6-542F-4951-A726-3A66D3D640D6@freebsd.org> <CAJ5e%2BHAvNbazCkd_G_E=QojqknQe23khCimyKWk=TTyzHr2j0Q@mail.gmail.com>

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> On 18. Jul 2024, at 15:00, Junho Choi <junho.choi@gmail.com> wrote:
>=20
> Alan - this is a great result to see. Thanks for experimenting.
>=20
> Just curious why bbr and rack don't co-exist? Those are two separate =
things.
> Is it a current bug or by design?
Technically RACK and BBR can coexist. The problem was with pf and/or =
LRO.

But this is all fixed now in 14.1 and head.

Best regards
Michael
>=20
> BR,
>=20
> On Thu, Jul 18, 2024 at 5:27=E2=80=AFAM <tuexen@freebsd.org> wrote:
>> On 17. Jul 2024, at 22:00, Alan Somers <asomers@freebsd.org> wrote:
>>=20
>> On Sat, Jul 13, 2024 at 1:50=E2=80=AFAM <tuexen@freebsd.org> wrote:
>>>=20
>>>> On 13. Jul 2024, at 01:43, Alan Somers <asomers@FreeBSD.org> wrote:
>>>>=20
>>>> I've been experimenting with RACK and BBR.  In my environment, they
>>>> can dramatically improve single-stream TCP performance, which is
>>>> awesome.  But pf interferes.  I have to disable pf in order for =
them
>>>> to work at all.
>>>>=20
>>>> Is this a known limitation?  If not, I will experiment some more to
>>>> determine exactly what aspect of my pf configuration is =
responsible.
>>>> If so, can anybody suggest what changes would have to happen to =
make
>>>> the two compatible?
>>> A problem with same symptoms was already reported and fixed in
>>> https://reviews.freebsd.org/D43769
>>>=20
>>> Which version are you using?
>>>=20
>>> Best regards
>>> Michael
>>>>=20
>>>> -Alan
>>=20
>> TLDR; tcp_rack is good, cc_chd is better, and tcp_bbr is best
>>=20
>> I want to follow up with the list to post my conclusions.  Firstly
>> tuexen@ helped me solve my problem: in FreeBSD 14.0 there is a 3-way
>> incompatibility between (tcp_bbr || tcp_rack) && lro && pf.  I can
>> confirm that tcp_bbr works for me if I either disable LRO, disable =
PF,
>> or switch to a 14.1 server.
>>=20
>> Here's the real problem: on multiple production servers, downloading
>> large files (or ZFS send/recv streams) was slow.  After ruling out
>> many possible causes, wireshark revealed that the connection was
>> suffering about 0.05% packet loss.  I don't know the source of that
>> packet loss, but I don't believe it to be congestion-related.  Along
>> with a 54ms RTT, that's a fatal combination for the throughput of
>> loss-based congestion control algorithms.  According to the Mathis
>> Formula [1], I could only expect 1.1 MBps over such a connection.
>> That's actually worse than what I saw.  With default settings
>> (cc_cubic), I averaged 5.6 MBps.  Probably Mathis's assumptions are
>> outdated, but that's still pretty close for such a simple formula
>> that's 27 years old.
>>=20
>> So I benchmarked all available congestion control algorithms for
>> single download streams.  The results are summarized in the table
>> below.
>>=20
>> Algo    Packet Loss Rate    Average Throughput
>> vegas   0.05%               2.0 MBps
>> newreno 0.05%               3.2 MBps
>> cubic   0.05%               5.6 MBps
>> hd      0.05%               8.6 MBps
>> cdg     0.05%               13.5 MBps
>> rack    0.04%               14 MBps
>> htcp    0.05%               15 MBps
>> dctcp   0.05%               15 MBps
>> chd     0.05%               17.3 MBps
>> bbr     0.05%               29.2 MBps
>> cubic   10%                 159 kBps
>> chd     10%                 208 kBps
>> bbr     10%                 5.7 MBps
>>=20
>> RACK seemed to achieve about the same maximum bandwidth as BBR, =
though
>> it took a lot longer to get there.  Also, with RACK, wireshark
>> reported about 10x as many retransmissions as dropped packets, which
>> is suspicious.
>>=20
>> At one point, something went haywire and packet loss briefly spiked =
to
>> the neighborhood of 10%.  I took advantage of the chaos to repeat my
>> measurements.  As the table shows, all algorithms sucked under those
>> conditions, but BBR sucked impressively less than the others.
>>=20
>> Disclaimer: there was significant run-to-run variation; the presented
>> results are averages.  And I did not attempt to measure packet loss
>> exactly for most runs; 0.05% is merely an average of a few selected
>> runs.  These measurements were taken on a production server running a
>> real workload, which introduces noise.  Soon I hope to have the
>> opportunity to repeat the experiment on an idle server in the same
>> environment.
>>=20
>> In conclusion, while we'd like to use BBR, we really can't until we
>> upgrade to 14.1, which hopefully will be soon.  So in the meantime
>> we've switched all relevant servers from cubic to chd, and we'll
>> reevaluate BBR after the upgrade.
> Hi Alan,
>=20
> just to be clear: the version of BBR currently implemented is
> BBR version 1, which is known to be unfair in certain scenarios.
> Google is still working on BBR to address this problem and improve
> it in other aspects. But there is no RFC yet and the updates haven't
> been implemented yet in FreeBSD.
>=20
> Best regards
> Michael
>>=20
>> [1]: https://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/net/wan-mon/thru-vs-loss.html
>>=20
>> -Alan
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --=20
> Junho Choi <junho dot choi at gmail.com> | https://saturnsoft.net




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