Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2014 18:34:23 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44182 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking Message-ID: <201403071834.s27IYNvf085482@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Fri Mar 7 18:34:22 2014 New Revision: 44182 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44182 Log: Clean up IPv6 Addresses section. Update Table 30.3 with corrections from Wout Decre. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Fri Mar 7 17:56:09 2014 (r44181) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml Fri Mar 7 18:34:22 2014 (r44182) @@ -4374,31 +4374,86 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds</sc <sect2> <title>Background on <acronym>IPv6</acronym> Addresses</title> - <para>There are different types of <acronym>IPv6</acronym> - addresses: unicast, anycast, and multicast.</para> + <para>There are three different types of <acronym>IPv6</acronym> + addresses:</para> - <para>Unicast addresses are the well known addresses. A packet + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term>Unicast</term> + <listitem> + <para>A packet sent to a unicast address arrives at the interface belonging to the address.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> - <para>Anycast addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from + <varlistentry> + <term>Anycast</term> + <listitem> + <para>These addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses but they address a group of interfaces. The packet destined for an anycast address will arrive at the - nearest (in router metric) interface. Anycast addresses may - only be used by routers.</para> - - <para>Multicast addresses identify a group of interfaces. A + nearest router interface. Anycast addresses are + only used by routers.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term>Multicast</term> + <listitem> + <para>These addresses identify a group of interfaces. A packet destined for a multicast address will arrive at all - interfaces belonging to the multicast group.</para> - - <note> - <para>The <acronym>IPv4</acronym> broadcast address, usually + interfaces belonging to the multicast group. The + <acronym>IPv4</acronym> broadcast address, usually <systemitem class="ipaddress">xxx.xxx.xxx.255</systemitem>, is expressed by multicast addresses in <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para> - </note> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para>When reading an <acronym>IPv6</acronym> address, the canonical form is represented as + <systemitem>x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</systemitem>, where each + <literal>x</literal> represents a 16 bit hex value. An example is + <systemitem>FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982</systemitem>.</para> + + <para>Often, an address will have long substrings of all zeros. + A <literal>::</literal> (double colon) can be used to replace + one substring per address. Also, up to three leading + <literal>0</literal>s per hex value can be omitted. For example, + <systemitem>fe80::1</systemitem> corresponds to the + canonical form + <systemitem>fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001</systemitem>.</para> + + <para>A third form is to write the last 32 bits using the + well known <acronym>IPv4</acronym> notation. For example, + <systemitem>2002::10.0.0.1</systemitem> corresponds to the + hexadecimal canonical representation + <systemitem>2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001</systemitem>, + which in turn is equivalent to + <systemitem>2002::a00:1</systemitem>.</para> - <table frame="none"> + <para>To view a &os; system's <acronym>IPv6 </acronym> address, + use &man.ifconfig.8;:</para> + + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput></screen> + + <programlisting>rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255 + inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 + ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1 + media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX ) + status: active</programlisting> + + <para>In this example, <systemitem>fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0</systemitem> is an + auto-configured link-local address which was automatically generated from + the <acronym>MAC</acronym> address.</para> + + <para>Some <acronym>IPv6</acronym> addresses are reserved. A + summary of these reserved addresses is seen in + <xref linkend="reservedip6"/>:</para> + + <table xml:id="reservedip6" frame="none"> <title>Reserved <acronym>IPv6</acronym> Addresses</title> <tgroup cols="4"> @@ -4449,17 +4504,24 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds</sc </row> <row> - <entry><systemitem>fe80::</systemitem> - - <systemitem>feb::</systemitem></entry> + <entry><systemitem>fe80::/10</systemitem></entry> <entry>10 bits</entry> <entry>link-local</entry> - <entry>Equivalent to the loopback address, automatic - private addresses (169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255), or - private IP address ranges in + <entry>Equivalent to the loopback address or automatic + private addresses (169.254.1.0-169.254.254.255) in <acronym>IPv4</acronym>.</entry> </row> <row> + <entry><systemitem>fc00::/7</systemitem></entry> + <entry>7 bits</entry> + <entry>unique-local</entry> + <entry>Unique local addresses are intended for local + communication and are only routable within a set of + cooperating sites.</entry> + </row> + + <row> <entry><systemitem>ff00::</systemitem></entry> <entry>8 bits</entry> <entry>multicast</entry> @@ -4478,85 +4540,14 @@ Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds</sc </tgroup> </table> - <para>When reading an <acronym>IPv6</acronym> address, the canonical form is represented as: - <systemitem>x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</systemitem>, with each - <quote>x</quote> being a 16 bit hex value. For example: - <systemitem>FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982</systemitem>.</para> - - <para>Often an address will have long substrings of all zeros. - One such substring per address can be abbreviated by - <quote>::</quote>. Also, up to three leading - <quote>0</quote>s per hex quad can be omitted. For example, - <systemitem>fe80::1</systemitem> corresponds to the - canonical form - <systemitem>fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001</systemitem>.</para> - - <para>A third form is to write the last 32 bit part in the - well known (decimal) <acronym>IPv4</acronym> style with dots - (<quote>.</quote>) as separators. For example, - <systemitem>2002::10.0.0.1</systemitem> corresponds to the - hexadecimal canonical representation - <systemitem>2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001</systemitem>, - which in turn is equivalent to - <systemitem>2002::a00:1</systemitem>.</para> - - <para>Here is a sample entry from &man.ifconfig.8;:</para> - - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput></screen> - - <programlisting>rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 - inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255 - inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 - ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1 - media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX ) - status: active</programlisting> - - <para><systemitem>fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0</systemitem> is an - auto configured link-local address. It is generated from - the <acronym>MAC</acronym> address as part of the auto - configuration.</para> - <para>For further information on the structure of - <acronym>IPv6</acronym> addresses, see <link + <acronym>IPv6</acronym> addresses, refer to <link xlink:href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt">RFC3513</link>.</para>; </sect2> <sect2> <title>Configuring <acronym>IPv6</acronym></title> - <para>Currently, there are four ways to connect to other - <acronym>IPv6</acronym> hosts and networks:</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they - offer <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sixxs.net">SixXS</link>; - offers tunnels with end-points all around the - globe.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para><link - xlink:href="http://www.tunnelbroker.net">Hurricane - Electric</link> offers tunnels with end-points all - around the globe.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Tunnel via 6-to-4 as described in <link - xlink:href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3068.txt">RFC3068</link>.</para>; - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>Use the <package>net/freenet6</package> port for a - dial-up connection.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> - <para>To configure a &os; system as an <acronym>IPv6</acronym> client, add these two lines to <filename>rc.conf</filename>:</para> @@ -4592,10 +4583,43 @@ rtsold_enable="YES"</programlisting> <sect2> <title>Connecting to a Provider</title> + <para>Currently, there are four ways to connect to other + <acronym>IPv6</acronym> hosts and networks:</para> + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para>Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they + offer <acronym>IPv6</acronym>.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><link xlink:href="http://www.sixxs.net">SixXS</link>; + offers tunnels with end-points all around the + globe.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para><link + xlink:href="http://www.tunnelbroker.net">Hurricane + Electric</link> offers tunnels with end-points all + around the globe.</para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Tunnel via 6-to-4 as described in <link + xlink:href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3068.txt">RFC3068</link>.</para>; + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para>Use the <package>net/freenet6</package> port for a + dial-up connection.</para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <para>This section demonstrates how to take the directions from a tunnel provider and convert it into settings that will persist through reboots.</para> - + <para>To restore the tunnel on startup, add the following lines to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
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