Date: Sun, 7 Apr 1996 12:21:24 -0700 (PDT) From: "Jonathan M. Bresler" <jmb> To: joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de Cc: freebsd-scsi@freebsd.org, doc@freebsd.org Subject: Re: Tape drive FAQ Message-ID: <199604071921.MAA26628@freefall.freebsd.org> In-Reply-To: <199604071706.TAA00733@uriah.heep.sax.de> from "J Wunsch" at Apr 7, 96 07:06:25 pm
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J Wunsch wrote:
>
> The patches should be integrated. Make the hint ``temporary'', so
> people know that it's being worked on.
will do just tell me how do i do that?
while on the subject i need to figure out how to do
cross-references, any pointers out there. this is sgml
doc that i have written.....xref steven stills at woodstock
> > throughput, 370kB/sec with <tt>dump(8)</tt>.
>
> Apart from this, go for it!
>
> I've got a submission from someone i've been helping to get his
> Exabyte 2501 (mini-QIC SCSI) drive running, and would commit this
> later on, as well as giving as much information about QIC and HP-DAT
> as i can scratch out of my mind.
great this is coming together. we only need to get a few
more devices and the tape section will be in much better
shape.
comments and criticisms please, ouch!
*** hw.sgml Wed Jan 31 09:32:20 1996
--- /tmp/hw.sgml Sun Apr 7 15:11:49 1996
***************
*** 308,312 ****
<sect2><heading>* Floppy</heading>
<sect1><heading>* Hard drives</heading>
! <sect1><heading>* Tape drives</heading>
<sect1><heading>* CD-ROM drives</heading>
<sect1><heading>* Other</heading>
--- 308,338 ----
<sect2><heading>* Floppy</heading>
<sect1><heading>* Hard drives</heading>
! <sect1><heading> Tape drives</heading>
! <sect2><heading> SCSI</heading>
!
! <p>The <tt>st</tt> driver provides support for 8mm
! (Exabyte), 4mm (DAT: Digital Audio Tape) and QIC (Quarter-Inch
! Cartridge) tape drives. See the <tt>st(4)</tt> manual for a
! detailed description.
!
! <sect3><heading>* 8mm (Exabyte)</heading>
! <sect3><heading>* 4mm (DAT: Digital Audio Tape)</heading>
! <sect3><heading> QIC (Quarter-Inch Cartridge)</heading>
!
! <p>QIC tapes are available in a large
! range of storage capacities, ranging from 60 MB up to 13 GB.
! Each capacity tape cartridge is physically different from each of
! the others. A QIC tape drive uses these differences to
! automatically sense which capacity tape cartridge is in the
! drive. Use <tt>mt status</tt> to read the tape capacity. In
! general, higher capacity tape drives can read tapes made by lower
! capacity drives.
!
! &anaconda;
!
! <sect3><heading>* DLT (Digital Linear Tape)</heading>
! <sect3><heading>* Mini-Cartridge</heading>
!
!
<sect1><heading>* CD-ROM drives</heading>
<sect1><heading>* Other</heading>
***************
*** 316,319 ****
--- 342,347 ----
<sect1><heading>* PCMCIA</heading>
anaconda.sgml:
<!-- $Id: anaconda.sgml,v $ -->
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
<!--
<title>The Archive Anaconda 1.35GB SCSI QIC tape drive and
its use with FreeBSD</title>
<author>(c) 1995, Jonathan M. Bresler, <tt/jmb@FreeBSD.ORG/
<date>Sun Apr 7 11:55:00 EDT 1996</date>
Copyright 1996, Jonathan M. Bresler, Northwood Link, Silver
Spring, Maryland 20901
<abstract>
This document describes the use of the Archive Anaconda
SCSI QIC tape drive with the FreeBSD operating system.
The drive will not work as shipped from the factory.
Two minor kernel changes are required. The drive
delivers excellent performance: 370kB/sec using
<tt>dump(8)</tt>
If you find something missing, plain wrong or have useful
comments on how to improve
this document please send mail to <tt/jmb@FreeBSD.ORG/
</abstract>
-->
<sect><heading>Archive Anaconda 2750S SCSI QIC-1350 tape drive</heading>
<p>The Archive Anaconda 2750S SCSI tape drive will not work
with FreeBSD as shipped from the factory. Two kernel one-line
kernel patches are required. The drive delivers excellent
throughput, 370kB/sec with <tt>dump(8)</tt>. These drives are no
longer in production and can be purchased quite cheaply: ~$190.
<sect2><heading>Physical Description</heading>
<p>The tape drive is a 5 1/4" wide, half-height device.
The medium gray plastic front panel has a green
activity LED, a tape eject button, and a hinged plastic door that
covers the tape slot. The door is spring loaded, and closes the
tape slot when the tape is removed. While a tape is in the drive
the door is held open by the tape. When loaded, the tape is completely within
the body of the drive. The drive loads a tape automatically,
it does not have a front panel slide lock. The body of the drive
is made of cast metal. The printed circuit board is mounted on
the top of the drive. (Customarily, the printed circuit board is
mounted the bottom.) There are three pieces of
fiber glass printed circuit board material mounted on the printed
circuit board. Each piece is ~6mm high, and provide a
minimum spacing above the electronics of the printed circuit
board. The printed circuit board is silkscreened "Archive
copyright 1992" and "anaconda main pcb 81422- rev 001" (the 001
is hand written.
<sect2><heading>Physical Connectors and jumpers</heading>
<p>The drive has one 50 pin SCSI connector, one 4 pin power
connector and seven jumpers. The SCSI connector is mounted
upside down on the printed circuit board. Pin 1 on the SCSI
connector is farthest from the power connector and the SCSI
connector keyway (cut-out) faces downward rather than upward.
If this drive is used on an internal SCSI chain, you must either
twist the SCSI cable or mount the other drives upside down. The
drive has three single inline sockets for SCSI terminator
resistor packages.
<tscreen><verb>
Jumper Function (default)
------ ------------------
1 SCSI id bit 0 (open)
2 SCSI id bit 1 (open)
3 SCSI id bit 2 (open)
4 Reserved (open)
5 Parity Enable (open, disabled)
6 SCSI-1 or SCSI-2 (open, SCSI-1)
7 Terminator Power Enable (open, disabled)
</verb></tscreen>
<p>Before using the drive, place jumpers to select the
SCSI id. Enable parity by shorting jumper 5. If you are using a
SCSI-2 controller, short jumper 6. If the tape drive is the
first or the last device in the SCSI chain, insert SCSI
termination resistor packs in the sockets and short jumper 7.
<sect2><heading>Specifications</heading>
<tscreen><verb>
Archive Ananconda Model 2750S
Formatted capacity: 1.35 Gigabyte with QIC-1350 tape
Track format: 30 track serpentine
Flux density: 38,750 ftpi
Data density: 51,667 bpi
Data transfer rate: 350 kBps
Recording format: RLL 1,7 encoding
Reed-Solomon ECC
SCSI burst data transfer rate: 1.88 MB/s
Data buffer size: 56kB (each of two buffers)
Tape speed: 90 ips
Speed variations: short term +/- 4%
long term +/- 7%
Start/Stop time: 300 mSec (maximum)
Head configuration: two-track, read-after-write
(one track in each direction)
separate full-width erase
</verb></tscreen>
<sect2><heading>Kernel Configuration</heading>
<p>The kernel uses the <tt>st(4)</tt> device driver to
control the tape drive. Each SCSI tape drive requires its own
device entry in the kernel config file.
Your kernel must be configured with these devices in addition to
a SCSI controller (e.g. ncr0, aha0):
<tscreen><verb>
controller ncr0
controller scbus0
device st0
</verb></tscreen>
<sect2><heading>Kernel Patches</heading>
<p>These patches are for the NCR83c510 controller,
<tt>ncr.c</tt>. (You may need to adjust the line numbers to
accomodate changes in the source file that have occurred since
these notes were written.)
<tscreen><verb>
/src/sys/pci/ncr.c
***************
*** 4441,4447 ****
OUTB (nc_ctest4, 0x08 ); /* enable master parity checking */
OUTB (nc_stest2, EXT ); /* Extended Sreq/Sack filtering */
OUTB (nc_stest3, TE ); /* TolerANT enable */
! OUTB (nc_stime0, 0xfb ); /* HTH = 1.6sec STO = 0.1 sec. */
/*
** Reinitialize usrsync.
--- 4441,4447 ----
OUTB (nc_ctest4, 0x08 ); /* enable master parity checking */
OUTB (nc_stest2, EXT ); /* Extended Sreq/Sack filtering */
OUTB (nc_stest3, TE ); /* TolerANT enable */
! OUTB (nc_stime0, 0x0b ); /* HTH = disabled, STO = 0.1 sec. */
/*
** Reinitialize usrsync.
***************
*** 4832,4836 ****
};
! if (np->latetime>4) {
/*
** Although we tried to wake it up,
--- 4832,4836 ----
};
! if (np->latetime>1200) {
/*
** Although we tried to wake it up,
</verb></tscreen>
<sect2><heading>Boot Messages</heading>
<p>During boot, the kernel probes the SCSI busses for
attached devices. Each device that is successfully probed and
configured by the kernel is identified by its logical device
number, SCSI controller, SCSI bus number,
SCSI target (id) number, and LUN (logical unit number). I use
the NCR 53c810 SCSI controller. The tape drive is target 4 on
the second SCSI bus. It is the only SCSI tape drive, hence
<tt>st0</tt>. The boot message depend on whether the drive is
jumpered for SCSI-1 or SCSI-2 operation.
<p>When configured for SCSI-1:
<tscreen><verb>
(ncr1:4:0): "ARCHIVE ANCDA 2750 28077 -003" type 1 removable SCSI 1
st0(ncr1:4:0): Sequential-Access density code 0x12, drive empty
</verb></tscreen>
<p>When configured for SCSI-2:
<tscreen><verb>
(ncr1:4:0): "ARCHIVE ANCDA 2750 28077 -003" type 1 removable SCSI 2
st0(ncr1:4:0): Sequential-Access
st0(ncr1:4:0): 200ns (5 Mb/sec) offset 8.
density code 0x0, drive empty
</verb></tscreen>
<sect2><heading>Operation</heading>
<p>When a tape is
inserted into the drive, two friction teeth grab the tape
cartridge metal backing plate, draw the tape approximately 25mm
into the drive, and then slide the tape foward and to the left.
This movement opens the protective gate that covers the magnetic
media and engages both the heads and the drive wheel. The drive
will seek to the start of the data area on the tape.
<p>The recommended parameters for <tt>dump(8)</tt> are a
block size of 10kB per dump record and 1,200,000 records per dump
records per volume. (e.g. <tt>/sbin/dump 0unBbf 1200000 10
/dev/rst0 /dev/sd1f</tt>.
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