Date: Mon, 31 Dec 2001 03:00:43 +0100 (CET) From: BOUWSMA Beery <freebsd-user@netscum.dyndns.dk> To: freebsd-hackers@freebsd.org, freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Subject: Re: newfs and the -b/-f default values Message-ID: <200112310200.fBV20hb00257@beerswilling.netscum.dyndns.dk>
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[replies sent directly to me may timeout and bounce, since I'm not
online as often as I should be, but I'll check the list archives]
Not so long ago, I pondered...
> So I just now went back into -current and used `newfs -N' with
> different parameters, and as far as I could see, in fact, the
> new defaults of -b 16384 -f 2048 that the man pages referred to
> several times were not in effect.
I think I know what's happening. That partition I tried to newfs
already had fsize and bsize in the disklabel, and those values
were (re)used. Another partition I re-newfs'ed had zero in the
disklabel, though they had been earlier newfs'ed with the old
defaults, so when I tried to newfs this one, I got the new defaults
instead, as promised by the man page.
> So, is there a good reason why the -stable and -current man pages
> for newfs do not seem to match the reality of what the program does?
I think the man pages need to be enhanced to make mention of what
happens with non-zero disklabel values. In rereading the man pages
in both -stable and -current, I got no obvious hint that this made
any difference. I probably should have known better, but...
In particular, I'd suggest wording similar to what follows, to make
this more clear:
-b block-size
The block size of the file system, in bytes. It must be a power
of 2. The default size is 16384 bytes, and the smallest allow-
able size is 4096 bytes. If the disklabel contains a non-zero
bsize, that value will be used unless a different value is
explicitly specified. The optimal block:fragment ratio is
8:1. Other ratios are possible, but are not recommended, and may
produce unpredictable results.
[...]
-f frag-size
The fragment size of the file system in bytes. It must be a
power of two ranging in value between blocksize/8 and blocksize.
The default is 2048 bytes. If the disklabel contains a non-
zero fsize, that value will be used unless a different value
is specified.
[...]
(From the -current man page for newfs: )
EXAMPLES
newfs /dev/ad3s1a
Creates a new ufs file system on ad3s1a. If the disklabel values for
bsize and fsize are zero, newfs will use a block size of 16384 bytes,
a fragment size of 2048 bytes and the largest possible number of
cylinders per group. These values tend to produce better performance
for most applications than the historical defaults (8192 byte block
size and 1024 byte fragment size). This large fragment size may lead to
large amounts of wasted space on filesystems that contain a large number
of small files. Otherwise, newfs will use the existing disklabel values
of bsize and fsize for the block size and fragment size respectively.
Assuming that this does reflect reality. I'm sure someone with a much
better grip on the english language than I can state it far more
succinctly, just as someone with a much better grip on newfs than I
could far more accurately describe reality.
thanks
barry bouwsma
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