Date: Sat, 12 Mar 2016 12:08:21 +0000 (UTC) From: Warren Block <wblock@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r48375 - in head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles: . leap-seconds Message-ID: <201603121208.u2CC8L9F037596@repo.freebsd.org>
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Author: wblock Date: Sat Mar 12 12:08:21 2016 New Revision: 48375 URL: https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/48375 Log: Add a new Japanese translation of the leap seconds article by Daichi GOTO <daichigoto@gmail.com>. PR: 207900 Submitted by: Daichi GOTO <daichigoto@gmail.com> Added: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/ head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile - copied unchanged from r48374, head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml (contents, props changed) head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/ja_JP.po (contents, props changed) Modified: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/Makefile Modified: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/Makefile ============================================================================== --- head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/Makefile Sat Mar 12 01:56:23 2016 (r48374) +++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/Makefile Sat Mar 12 12:08:21 2016 (r48375) @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ SUBDIR+= fonts #SUBDIR+= hubs SUBDIR+= ipsec-must #SUBDIR+= ldap-auth +SUBDIR+= leap-seconds #SUBDIR+= linux-emulation #SUBDIR+= linux-users #SUBDIR+= mailing-list-faq Copied: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile (from r48374, head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile) ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile Sat Mar 12 12:08:21 2016 (r48375, copy of r48374, head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/Makefile) @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# +# $FreeBSD$ +# +# Article: Leap Seconds + +DOC?= article + +FORMATS?= html +WITH_ARTICLE_TOC?= YES + +INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz +INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?= + +SRCS= article.xml + +URL_RELPREFIX?= ../../../.. +DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../.. + +.include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk" Added: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml Sat Mar 12 12:08:21 2016 (r48375) @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN" "http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd">; +<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="leapseconds" xml:lang="ja_JP"> + + <info> + <title>FreeBSDにおける閏秒のサポートについて</title> + + <pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate> + </info> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-definition"> + <title>イントロダクション</title> + + <para><emphasis>leap second</emphasis>(閏秒)は地球の自転と時刻を同期させるために使用される特別な秒のことです。この記事はFreeBSDがどのように閏秒を扱っているかを解説します。</para> + + <para>執筆段階ですと、次に閏秒を挿入するのは協定世界時で2015年6月30日 23時59分60秒になります。この閏秒は北アメリカ、南アメリカ、アジア太平洋地域の営業日に実施されます。</para> + + <para>閏秒は<link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link>における<link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link>において発表されています。</para>; + + <para>閏秒の一般的な動作に関しては<link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>で解説されています。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>に関しても参照してください。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-posix"> + <title>FreeBSDにおけるデフォルトの閏秒のハンドリング方法</title> + + <para>閏秒のもっとも簡単な取り扱い方法はFreeBSDがデフォルトで使っている<acronym>POSIX</acronym>のタイムルールと<link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>を組み合わせる方法です。<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>が上位の<acronym>NTP</acronym>サーバと同期している場合には閏秒は適切に処理され、閏秒は日の最後の秒をもう一度繰り返すという方法を自動的に実施します。これ以外の調整は必要ありません。</para> + + <para>アップストリーム<acronym>NTP</acronym>サーバが閏秒を適切に処理していない場合、<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>は時刻のずれに気づいたアップストリームサーバが時刻を修正したあとに時刻を合わせることになります。</para> + + <para><acronym>NTP</acronym>を使っていない場合、閏秒が経過したあとに手動でシステムクロックを変更する必要があります。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-cautions"> + <title>注意事項</title> + + <para>閏秒は<acronym>UTC</acronym>(協定世界時)での真夜中に世界中で同時に挿入されます。日本では午前の半ば、太平洋地域では日中、米国では午後の遅いタイミング、欧州は夜です。</para> + + <para>FreeBSDでは適切で安定した<acronym>NTP</acronym>サービスが提供されていれば先ほど説明したように閏秒のタイミングで設計通りに処理が行われることになると思います。</para> + + <para>しかしながら、実際のところカーネルに対して閏秒について尋ねてくるアプリケーションは存在しないことに注意してください。我々の経験からしますと、想定されているように、閏秒の処理は閏秒のタイミングで1秒を1度繰り返すというもので、これはほとんどのアプリケーションプログラマにとっては想定していないものだと思います。</para> + + <para>FreeBSDと同じ方法で閏秒を処理しているしていないに関わらずほかのオペレーティングシステムやほかのコンピュータと、適切で安定した<acronym>NTP</acronym>サービスを使用していないシステムは閏秒に関してはまったく関知してくれません。</para> + + <para>コンピュータが閏秒が原因でクラッシュするという話は聞いたことがありませんが、経験からしますとパブリックに利用されている<acronym>NTP</acronym>サーバの一部は不適切に閏秒を処理して報告をおこなっています。</para> + + <para>閏秒が原因でなにか問題が発生しないことを確認するようにしてください。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-testing"> + <title>テスト方法</title> + + <para>閏秒が使われるかどうかをテストする方法があります。<acronym>NTP</acronym>の特性から、テストは閏秒が発生する24時間前から行います。いくつかの有名な時刻の参照ソースは閏秒発生の1時間前にアナウンスを行います。<acronym>NTP</acronym>デーモンに次のクエリを発行します:</para> + + <screen><prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput></screen> + + <para><literal>leap_add_sec</literal>インディケータを含んだ出力は閏秒を適切にサポートしていることを意味しています。閏秒が発生するよりも24時間前、または閏秒が発生した後には<literal>leap_none</literal>が表示されます。</para> + </sect1> + + <sect1 xml:id="leapseconds-conclusion"> + <title>結論</title> + + <para>実際のところ、閏秒がFreeBSDで問題になることはありません。この要約がどのように閏秒の処理で何が行われるのか、どうやって閏秒の処理を問題なく済ませればよいのかという考えを明確にする手助けになればと思います。</para> + </sect1> +</article> Added: head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/ja_JP.po ============================================================================== --- /dev/null 00:00:00 1970 (empty, because file is newly added) +++ head/ja_JP.eucJP/articles/leap-seconds/ja_JP.po Sat Mar 12 12:08:21 2016 (r48375) @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +#$FreeBSD$ +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-03-11 17:52+0900\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-03-11 18:49+0900\n" +"Language: ja_JP\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=eucjp\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: \n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7\n" + +#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2 +msgctxt "_" +msgid "translator-credits" +msgstr "ԥ쥸å" + +#. (itstool) path: info/title +#: article.translate.xml:6 +msgid "FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds" +msgstr "FreeBSDˤ뱼äΥݡȤˤĤ" + +#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate +#: article.translate.xml:8 +msgid "$FreeBSD$" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:12 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "ȥ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:14 +msgid "A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an ad-hoc one-second correction to synchronize atomic timescales with Earth rotation. This article describes how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds." +msgstr "<emphasis>leap second</emphasis>()ϵμžȻƱ뤿˻Ѥ̤äΤȤǤεFreeBSDɤΤ褦˱ääƤ뤫⤷ޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:19 +msgid "As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South America and the Asia/Pacific region." +msgstr "ɮʳǤȡ˱äΤ϶2015ǯ630 2359ʬ60äˤʤޤαḁ̈ꥫꥫʿϰαĶ˼»ܤޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:24 +msgid "Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/\"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link>; on <link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link>." +msgstr "ä<link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16\">Bulletin C</link>ˤ<link xlink:href=\"http://datacenter.iers.org/\"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link>ˤȯɽƤޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:28 +msgid "Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</link>. Also see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>." +msgstr "äΰŪư˴ؤƤ<link xlink:href=\"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3\">RFC 7164</link>Dz⤵Ƥޤ<citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>˴ؤƤ⻲ȤƤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:33 +msgid "Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD" +msgstr "FreeBSDˤǥեȤαäΥϥɥˡ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:35 +msgid "The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are necessary." +msgstr "äΤäȤñʼ갷ˡFreeBSDǥեȤǻȤäƤ<acronym>POSIX</acronym>Υ롼<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html\"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>Ȥ߹碌ˡǤ<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>̤<acronym>NTP</acronym>ФƱƤˤϱäŬڤ˽졢äκǸä⤦ٷ֤ȤˡưŪ˼»ܤޤʳĴɬפޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:44 +msgid "If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant upstream server has noticed and stepped itself." +msgstr "åץȥ<acronym>NTP</acronym>ФäŬڤ˽Ƥʤ硢<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>ϻΤ˵ŤåץȥॵФȤ˻碌뤳Ȥˤʤޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:49 +msgid "If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system clock will be required after the leap second has passed." +msgstr "<acronym>NTP</acronym>ȤäƤʤ硢äвᤷȤ˼ưǥƥ९åѹɬפޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:55 +msgid "Cautions" +msgstr "ջ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:57 +msgid "Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: <acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night." +msgstr "ä<acronym>UTC</acronym>()ǤοƱޤܤǤϸȾСʿϰǤ桢ƹǤϸ٤ߥǤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:62 +msgid "We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable <acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap second, as it did during the previous ones." +msgstr "FreeBSDǤŬڤǰꤷ<acronym>NTP</acronym>ӥƤۤ褦˱äΥߥ߷̤˽Ԥ뤳ȤˤʤȻפޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:67 +msgid "However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a surprise to most application programmers." +msgstr "ʤ顢ºݤΤȤͥФƱäˤĤƿҤͤƤ륢ץꥱ¸ߤʤȤդƤ桹ηи餷ޤȡꤵƤ褦ˡäνϱäΥߥ1ä1ٷ֤ȤΤǡϤۤȤɤΥץꥱץޤˤȤäƤꤷƤʤΤȻפޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:73 +msgid "Other operating systems and other computers may or may not handle the leap-second the same way as FreeBSD, and systems without correct and stable <acronym>NTP</acronym> service will not know anything about leap seconds at all." +msgstr "FreeBSDƱˡDZäƤ뤷Ƥʤ˴ؤ餺ۤΥڥ졼ƥƥۤΥԥ塼ȡŬڤǰꤷ<acronym>NTP</acronym>ӥѤƤʤƥϱä˴ؤƤϤޤäΤƤޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:78 +msgid "It is not unheard of for computers to crash because of leap seconds, and experience has shown that a large fraction of all public <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers might handle and announce the leap second incorrectly." +msgstr "ԥ塼äǥå夹ȤäʹȤޤи餷ޤȥѥ֥åѤƤ<acronym>NTP</acronym>ФΰŬڤ˱äʤäƤޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:83 +msgid "Please try to make sure nothing horrible happens because of the leap second." +msgstr "äǤʤˤ꤬ȯʤȤǧ褦ˤƤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:88 +msgid "Testing" +msgstr "ƥˡ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:90 +msgid "It is possible to test whether a leap second will be used. Due to the nature of <acronym>NTP</acronym>, the test might work up to 24 hours before the leap second. Some major reference clock sources only announce leap seconds one hour ahead of the event. Query the <acronym>NTP</acronym> daemon:" +msgstr "äȤ뤫ɤƥȤˡޤ<acronym>NTP</acronym>顢ƥȤϱäȯ24ԤޤĤͭ̾ʻλȥϱȯ1˥ʥԤޤ<acronym>NTP</acronym>ǡ˼ΥȯԤޤ:" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen +#: article.translate.xml:96 +#, no-wrap +msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>" +msgstr "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'</userinput>" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:98 +msgid "Output that includes <literal>leap_add_sec</literal> indicates proper support of the leap second. Before the 24 hours leading up to the leap second, or after the leap second has passed, <literal>leap_none</literal> will be shown." +msgstr "<literal>leap_add_sec</literal>ǥޤϤϱäŬڤ˥ݡȤƤ뤳Ȥ̣Ƥޤäȯ24ޤϱäȯˤ<literal>leap_none</literal>ɽޤ" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: article.translate.xml:105 +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: article.translate.xml:107 +msgid "In practice, leap seconds are usually not a problem on FreeBSD. We hope that this overview helps clarify what to expect and how to make the leap second event proceed more smoothly." +msgstr "ºݤΤȤäFreeBSDˤʤ뤳ȤϤޤɤΤ褦˱äνDzԤΤɤäƱäνʤѤޤФ褤ΤȤͤΤˤˤʤФȻפޤ" +
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