Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2006 06:47:52 GMT From: John Birrell <jb@FreeBSD.org> To: Perforce Change Reviews <perforce@freebsd.org> Subject: PERFORCE change 108389 for review Message-ID: <200610250647.k9P6lqnj097925@repoman.freebsd.org>
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http://perforce.freebsd.org/chv.cgi?CH=108389 Change 108389 by jb@jb_freebsd7 on 2006/10/25 06:47:48 IFC Affected files ... .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile#4 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/rc-scripting/Makefile#1 branch .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/rc-scripting/article.sgml#1 branch .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/version-guide/article.sgml#3 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/wp-toolbox/article.sgml#3 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/Makefile#3 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/kernelbuild/Makefile#2 delete .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources/chapter.sgml#5 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml#5 integrate .. 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integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/en/projects/summerofcode-2006.sgml#5 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/en/projects/summerofcode.sgml#13 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/en/publish.sgml#6 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/en/releases/6.2R/schedule.sgml#8 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/en/releases/6.2R/todo.sgml#3 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/share/sgml/commercial.consult.xml#4 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/share/sgml/news.xml#7 integrate .. //depot/projects/dtrace/www/share/sgml/press.xml#7 integrate Differences ... ==== //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile#4 (text+ko) ==== @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile,v 1.52 2006/05/16 13:58:43 keramida Exp $ +# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/Makefile,v 1.53 2006/10/23 15:07:00 yar Exp $ SUBDIR = SUBDIR+= 5-roadmap @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ SUBDIR+= pr-guidelines SUBDIR+= problem-reports SUBDIR+= pxe +SUBDIR+= rc-scripting SUBDIR+= relaydelay SUBDIR+= releng SUBDIR+= releng-packages ==== //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/version-guide/article.sgml#3 (text+ko) ==== @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ </author> </authorgroup> - <pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/version-guide/article.sgml,v 1.9 2005/11/09 01:20:12 linimon Exp $</pubdate> + <pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/version-guide/article.sgml,v 1.10 2006/10/23 07:08:58 keramida Exp $</pubdate> <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> &tm-attrib.freebsd; @@ -65,24 +65,24 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>The goal of a major release is to introduce a set of new - features. Where necessary, it may be necessary to break - compatibility with previous major releases in order to advance - the state of &os;, or, occasionally, to drop features that - it is no longer feasible to support.</para> + features. Inevitably, as new features are added to &os;, or as + older features are no longer useful or are dropped, it is + sometimes necessary to break compatibility with previous major + releases.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>The goal of a minor release is primarily to fix bugs and - improve performance and stability. Keeping compatibility + improve performance and stability. Keeping both source-level and binary compatibility from one minor release to another is a priority. On occasion, new features may be added to a minor release when it is believed that these other goals will not be compromised.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para>However, keep in mind that a <literal>release version</literal> + <para>However, keep in mind that a <quote>release version</quote> is merely a snapshot of the source tree at a particular point in - time which is given a particular name (or <literal>tag</literal>). + time which is given a particular name (or <emphasis>tag</emphasis>). (For instance, the tag that Release Engineering assigned for the 5.4 release was <literal>RELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE</literal>.) Development always continues on what is known as the <literal>HEAD</literal> @@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ programs to be installed (termed the <firstterm>Ports Collection</firstterm>). Applications may be installed either from source, if its licensing terms allow such - redistribution (these are termed <literal>ports</literal>), - or as compiled binaries if allowed (these are termed - <literal>packages</literal>).</para> + redistribution (these are called <emphasis>ports</emphasis>), + or as compiled binaries if allowed (these are called + <emphasis>packages</emphasis>).</para> </sect2> </sect1> @@ -303,13 +303,27 @@ resources but primarily due to the amount of volunteer effort that is available.</para> - <para>Interested readers should also see the current - <ulink url="&url.base;/releng/index.html#schedule">Release - Engineering Schedule</ulink> and - <ulink url="&url.base;/security/security.html#supported-branches">Security - Branch Schedule</ulink>. Both documents also go into much - greater depth about the background and rationale behind - these decisions.</para> + <para>Interested readers should also see:</para> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><ulink url="&url.base;/releng/index.html#schedule"></ulink></term> + <listitem> + <para>The Release Engineering Schedule</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><ulink url="&url.base;/security/security.html#supported-branches"></ulink></term> + <listitem> + <para>The Security Branch Schedule</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para>These documents go into much greater depth about the background and + rationale behind the decisions regarding the supported branches and the + lifetime of each branch.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="decision-points"> @@ -350,7 +364,7 @@ <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para>If you have a short-term need, need the highest degree of + <para>If you have a short-term need, would benefit from the highest degree of stability currently available, and are not able to devote many resources to upgrading, then you will probably want to install the latest <literal>STABLE</literal> minor release and remain ==== //depot/projects/dtrace/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/wp-toolbox/article.sgml#3 (text+ko) ==== @@ -5,10 +5,17 @@ <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [ <!ENTITY % articles.ent PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook FreeBSD Articles Entity Set//EN"> %articles.ent; + +<!ENTITY ports "Ports Collection"> +<!ENTITY os.ports "&os; &ports;"> +<!ENTITY frisbee "<application>Frisbee</application>"> +<!ENTITY ghost "<application>Ghost</application>"> +<!ENTITY nessus "<application>Nessus</application>"> + ]> <article> - <title>Creating a Software Testing Environment Using FreeBSD</title> + <title>Creating a Software Testing Environment Using &os;</title> <articleinfo> <authorgroup> @@ -21,12 +28,14 @@ </author> </authorgroup> - <pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/wp-toolbox/article.sgml,v 1.4 2006/02/14 14:56:48 keramida Exp $</pubdate> + <pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/wp-toolbox/article.sgml,v 1.5 2006/10/24 18:09:18 keramida Exp $</pubdate> <legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks"> &tm-attrib.freebsd; &tm-attrib.cvsup; &tm-attrib.intel; + &tm-attrib.microsoft; + &tm-attrib.symantec; &tm-attrib.xfree86; &tm-attrib.general; </legalnotice> @@ -42,20 +51,20 @@ <title>Overview</title> <para>From late 2003 until early 2005, I was a tester in an - all-Windows environment. Although unlikely on the face of it, - FreeBSD became a valuable test tool platform in that context. - FreeBSD contains useful and powerful applications for any tester + all-&windows; environment. Although unlikely on the face of it, + &os; became a valuable test tool platform in that context. + &os; contains useful and powerful applications for any tester in any environment.</para> - <para>Unlike Linux, FreeBSD is a single monolithic project rather + <para>Unlike Linux, &os; is a single monolithic project, rather than a collection of disparate parts assembled into a - distribution. And the most attractive part of FreeBSD for a - software tester is the FreeBSD ports collection—a very large, - managed set of software applications with a single simple and + distribution. And the most attractive part of &os; for a + software tester is the &os.ports;—a very large, + managed set of software applications with a single, simple, and uniform installation procedure.</para> <para>This paper describes several software test tools from the - FreeBSD ports collection that I used to test software and + &os.ports; that I used to test software and systems in an all-Windows environment.</para> </sect1> @@ -66,13 +75,13 @@ <para>Software testing environments are radically more complex than software development environments. Interconnected systems to test, network entities, databases, and filesystems present - challenges to testers that developers can for the most part mock + challenges to testers that developers can, for the most part, mock out and essentially ignore. Software testers need more tools, and more complex tools, than do software developers.</para> <para>On the other hand, software development tools are much more - highly evolved than software testing tools. There is no Eclipse - or IntelliJ or even Visual Studio aimed at testing. Testers + highly evolved than software testing tools. There is no Eclipse, + or IntelliJ, or even Visual Studio aimed at testing. Testers struggle and scratch to find tools appropriate to their test environments and appropriate to their Systems Under Test (SUTs).</para> @@ -84,36 +93,36 @@ </sect1> <sect1> - <title>The FreeBSD Solution</title> + <title>The &os; Solution</title> <sect2 id="freebsd-intro"> <title>Introduction</title> - <para>The set of tools available with the FreeBSD Operating - System is amazing. The FreeBSD <ulink - url="http://www.freebsd.org/ports">ports collection</ulink> + <para>The set of tools available with the &os; Operating + System is amazing. The &os; <ulink + url="http://www.freebsd.org/ports">&ports;</ulink>; contains more than thirteen thousand separate applications, all of which have a standard installation procedure and conform to a set of guidelines that make them reliable without the need to manage dependencies, appropriate versions, and all of the other problems that affect even the most well-managed Linux distribution or the various versions of Microsoft - Windows. The monolithic nature of FreeBSD and the FreeBSD - ports collection removes much of the trouble of integrating + Windows. The monolithic nature of &os; and the &os.ports; + removes much of the trouble of integrating tools with the test environment, regardless of the OS under - which the SUT runs. FreeBSD is a highly evolved server + which the SUT runs. &os; is a highly evolved server environment, and contains so many reliable applications, that - every tester should consider adding a FreeBSD machine (or + every tester should consider adding a &os; machine (or several) to their test environment.</para> <para>Of course, all of the applications available in the - FreeBSD ports collection will not be appropriate for any single + &os.ports; will not be appropriate for any single test environment. Some of the obvious choices for software and systems testing are the six hundred or so system utilities, the more than one thousand network tools, and the fifty-odd benchmarking tools. Whether your test environment is Windows, - UNIX, Linux, Mac OS, FreeBSD itself, or some combination of - any of them, FreeBSD and the FreeBSD ports collection is a + UNIX, Linux, Mac OS, &os; itself, or some combination of + any of them, &os; and the &os.ports; is a great place to look first.</para> </sect2> @@ -121,50 +130,49 @@ <sect2 id="freebsd-ports"> <title>How To Use The Ports System</title> - <para>Installing an application from the FreeBSD ports - collection is a simple matter of: </para> + <para>Installing an application from the &os.ports; is a simple matter of: </para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/foo</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput></screen> <para>and the system does the rest. It reports build status and test status, and installs all the relevant documentation as - well. This aspect of FreeBSD is very attractive to a tester, + well. This aspect of &os; is very attractive to a tester, who typically is pressed for time!</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="freebsd-testing"> - <title>FreeBSD For Testing</title> + <title>&os; For Testing</title> <para>The test environment should be more stable than the SUT. - Once the tester decides to use the tools available on FreeBSD, - FreeBSD's long record of reliability makes it an easy choice + Once the tester decides to use the tools available on &os;, + &os;'s long record of reliability makes it an easy choice for a test tools platform.</para> - <para>My own introduction to FreeBSD occurred when I was hired + <para>My own introduction to &os; occurred when I was hired by a major vendor of large-scale network security video services to be their network-testing person in an all-Windows environment. My first assignment was to replace the obsolete, buggy, disk imaging system. I chose to do that with an Open Source disk imaging system called <ulink - url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/papers/frisbee-usenix03-base.html">Frisbee</ulink>; - which was implemented originally on FreeBSD. I built the + url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/papers/frisbee-usenix03-base.html">&frisbee;</ulink>; + which was implemented originally on &os;. I built the system—a feature-for-feature replacement for an expensive proprietary system—but we never actually used it in our production system.</para> - <para>In the meantime, I had discovered the FreeBSD ports - collection and started to use some of those tools for testing; - and I had discovered the power of disk imaging with Frisbee, + <para>In the meantime, I had discovered the &os.ports; + and started to use some of those tools for testing; + and I had discovered the power of disk imaging with &frisbee;, especially for smoke testing and installation testing; and - FreeBSD became a permanent part of my test lab. The test lab - I built, and the FreeBSD systems I created still exist, and + &os; became a permanent part of my test lab. The test lab + I built, and the &os; systems I created still exist, and still provide value to the testers there.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="freebsd-collab"> - <title>FreeBSD For Collaboration: Twiki</title> + <title>&os; For Collaboration: Twiki</title> <para>A wiki is a simple set of web pages to allow many users to share information and collaborate on any sort of documents. @@ -199,8 +207,8 @@ itself handled version control for such updates.</para> <para>As with all of the examples in this paper, installing - Twiki on FreeBSD is fairly simple. It takes just a few - minutes on a FreeBSD system. However, if you want to use Twiki + Twiki on &os; is fairly simple. It takes just a few + minutes on a &os; system. However, if you want to use Twiki on a Microsoft Windows platform, I strongly suggest you read the Twiki documentation extremely carefully. I know someone who installed Twiki on Windows, and it took him several days. @@ -208,27 +216,27 @@ also deep knowledge of Cygwin and Perl.</para> <para>Furthermore, at one point in the project I had to migrate - my wiki from a machine running FreeBSD 4.8 to one running - FreeBSD 5.3. The migration consisted merely of installing - Twiki on FreeBSD 5.3; using <command>tar</command> on the FreeBSD 4.8 + my wiki from a machine running &os; 4.8 to one running + &os; 5.3. The migration consisted merely of installing + Twiki on &os; 5.3; using <command>tar</command> on the &os; 4.8 machine to gather all of the Twiki data files specific to my - testing; FTPing the gathered files to the new FreeBSD 5.3 + testing; FTPing the gathered files to the new &os; 5.3 machine; and untarring the file. The complete set of Twiki documents migrated with no issues or problems at all. That is - the power of a unified system like FreeBSD.</para> + the power of a unified system like &os;.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="freebsd-frisbee"> - <title>FreeBSD For Disk Imaging: Frisbee</title> + <title>&os; For Disk Imaging: Frisbee</title> <para>A disk imaging system is a mechanism for saving and restoring all of the data on a physical disk. The most popular commercial system for doing this is probably the - product Ghost from Symantec.</para> + product &ghost;™ from Symantec.</para> - <para>The Frisbee enterprise disk imaging system mentioned above + <para>The &frisbee; enterprise disk imaging system mentioned above had a lot of features I never implemented in the test lab. - Using Frisbee and an Open Source tool called PXELINUX, I was + Using &frisbee; and an Open Source tool called <application>PXELINUX</application>, I was able to:</para> <itemizedlist> @@ -239,37 +247,37 @@ <listitem><simpara>Make a set of restore CDs for the client</simpara></listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para>In the test lab, I only needed to boot from the Frisbee - CD, make an image, or lay down an image on the client machine. - Both Frisbee and proprietary imaging systems allow the user to + <para>In the test lab, I only needed to boot from the &frisbee; CD, + make an image, or lay down an image on the client machine. + Both &frisbee; and proprietary imaging systems allow the user to image individual drives on the client, but I never had a need to do this.</para> <para>Installation testing was a large part of my duties at the - company where I used FreeBSD. To do this testing, I would - typically use Frisbee to make an image of a machine containing + company where I used &os;. To do this testing, I would + typically use &frisbee; to make an image of a machine containing only a Windows OS, install the SUT, and run a smoke test. The smoke test typically left the test machine in a very bad state. But instead of having to painstakingly clean up the mess left by the failed installation, I simply re-imaged the machine in question with the bare OS image and started over. A typical re-image containing only the Windows OS and a few - test tools took less than three minutes. Using Frisbee, we + test tools took less than three minutes. Using &frisbee;, we could run smoke tests on about six builds per day; before - Frisbee, we could run smoke tests on about three builds per + &frisbee;, we could run smoke tests on about three builds per week.</para> - <para>Of course, Ghost or other proprietary tools also image + <para>Of course, &ghost; or other proprietary tools also image machines quickly under these circumstances: once you buy the tool, license the software, install it on an appropriate - server, and configure it properly. I prefer Frisbee to Ghost - because: Frisbee is marginally faster; Frisbee is very easy to - install on FreeBSD; and Frisbee is very efficient. Adding a - couple of small Perl scripts to the normal Frisbee + server, and configure it properly. I prefer &frisbee; to &ghost; + because: &frisbee; is marginally faster; &frisbee; is very easy to + install on &os;; and &frisbee; is very efficient. Adding a + couple of small Perl scripts to the normal &frisbee; distribution gave me an imaging environment tailored for the test lab.</para> - <para>I also used Frisbee to preserve the state of a machine + <para>I also used &frisbee; to preserve the state of a machine after I had uncovered particularly complex defects. That is, if it took a large effort (many steps and/or a long duration of time) to demonstrate a defect, I could make an image of the @@ -279,64 +287,64 @@ </sect2> <sect2 id="freebsd-nessus"> - <title>FreeBSD Security Testing: Nessus</title> + <title>&os; Security Testing: &nessus;</title> <para>Whenever you have more than one entity on a network, and whenever you expose a server to the wider Internet, security of the machine itself is always a concern. <ulink - url="http://www.nessus.org">Nessus</ulink>; is an Open Source + url="http://www.nessus.org">&nessus;</ulink>; is an Open Source remote vulnerability scanner for security and penetration testing that consistently is rated among the top products of its type throughout the security industry.</para> - <para>Nessus probes a remote machine over the network for + <para>&nessus; probes a remote machine over the network for security vulnerabilities. It does a port scan, finds which ports are open, and investigates the software that has those ports open for a huge number of security risks, for all major OSs. It generates detailed reports in a number of formats that anyone can understand. The number of security probes - available in the default installation of Nessus is very large, + available in the default installation of &nessus; is very large, but sophisticated security and penetration testers take - advantage of NASL, the Nessus Attack Scripting Language, to - craft their own attacks using Nessus' available features.</para> + advantage of NASL, the &nessus; Attack Scripting Language, to + craft their own attacks using &nessus;' available features.</para> - <para>Of interest is that, while Nessus is a free download for - UNIX-like systems (and is available in the ports collection of - FreeBSD), it is available on Windows only as a commercial - product from a company called Tenable. The Tenable product is - NeWT, Nessus on Windows Technology.</para> + <para>Of interest is that, while &nessus; is a free download for + UNIX-like systems (and is available in the &ports; of + &os;), it is available on Windows only as a commercial + product from a company called <emphasis>Tenable</emphasis>. The Tenable product is + <application>NeWT</application>, <quote>Nessus on Windows Technology</quote>.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="freebsd-network"> - <title>FreeBSD Network Tools</title> + <title>&os; Network Tools</title> - <para>FreeBSD is most widely used as a robust server platform. + <para>&os; is most widely used as a robust server platform. It follows, then, that tools related to network analysis and - performance will be highly evolved on FreeBSD. Here is a + performance will be highly evolved on &os;. Here is a brief description of network diagnostic tools that I found invaluable in testing in a networked environment.</para> <para>From the name, one would assume that <ulink url="http://www.ntop.org">ntop</ulink>; emulates the functions of - the UNIX <command>top</command> command, but for the network + the UNIX &man.top.1; command, but for the network rather than for the local machine. Perhaps the first version - did; currently, ntop is capable of providing detailed + did; currently, <application>ntop</application> is capable of providing detailed information about a huge number of hosts and their status and activities on the network.</para> <para>For testing, two features I found very powerful: at a high - level, <command>ntop</command> shows the amount of network + level, <application>ntop</application> shows the amount of network traffic on the entire network segment minute-by-minute, hour-by-hour, and day-by-day in a graphical format. Also, - ntop shows information about recent connections between + <application>ntop</application> shows information about recent connections between individual hosts on the network.</para> <para>It is easy to see traffic trends on the network as they - are occurring; also, if something anomalous appears, ntop + are occurring; also, if something anomalous appears, <application>ntop</application> records detailed information about network connections between hosts, including the ports over which the connection happened. This was critically important when analyzing software - issues. If ntop showed a period of time for which traffic was + issues. If <application>ntop</application> showed a period of time for which traffic was particularly high, I would find out which host was generating the traffic. I would examine the software running on that host, over that port. Often it was a new build with a @@ -345,22 +353,22 @@ <para><ulink url="http://ettercap.sourceforge.net">Ettercap</ulink>; is a tool for ARP poisoning which can also decipher passwords on the fly and corrupt IP traffic by means of a Man In The Middle - (MITM) attack. However, I used ettercap as a performance tool. - In my test labs, all of my FreeBSD machines ran on discarded + (MITM) attack. However, I used <application>Ettercap</application> as a performance tool. >>> TRUNCATED FOR MAIL (1000 lines) <<<
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