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Date:      Sun, 31 Mar 2013 14:29:26 +0000
From:      "Teske, Devin" <Devin.Teske@fisglobal.com>
To:        Joe <fbsd8@a1poweruser.com>
Cc:        "<freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>" <freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>, "<kpneal@pobox.com>" <kpneal@pobox.com>
Subject:   Re: use of the kernel and licensing
Message-ID:  <13CA24D6AB415D428143D44749F57D7201EEC4FB@ltcfiswmsgmb21>
In-Reply-To: <51583C91.5060000@a1poweruser.com>
References:  <CAJ%2Bvzi9RZN5F50fCDJBGJ23R2%2BrhAsC10WSt_PMeFhO=WU3UZA@mail.gmail.com> <20130331001209.GA69583@neutralgood.org> <51583C91.5060000@a1poweruser.com>

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On Mar 31, 2013, at 6:39 AM, Joe <fbsd8@a1poweruser.com> wrote:

> kpneal@pobox.com wrote:
>> On Sat, Mar 30, 2013 at 09:22:22AM -0400, Maikoda Sutter wrote:
>>> If I use the kernel as a basis for my own system and modify the kernel
>>> should I still maintain the licensing of the kernel bits, or could rele=
ase
>>> it under it's own license?
>>>=20
>>> For example: I would like to rewrite the headers to be 100% POSIX compl=
iant
>>> and I do like the BSD license, however I was planning on releasing my w=
hole
>>> system under the Unlicense, I understand that certain headers and code =
that
>>> I do not modify has to be released under the BSD license as that is the
>>> original license of the code, however for headers or code that I modify=
 can
>>> I release it under the Unlicense (http://unlicense.org/)?
>>>=20
>>> I do plan on giving credit where it is due and such to the wonderful
>>> developers of FreeBSD and those that wrote the original code because
>>> without you I would not be able to produce so rapidly that which I am
>>> looking to produce I just would like clarification on the extent that I
>>> would have to license things via the BSD license.
>> You cannot yourself change the license on code you do not hold the copyr=
ight
>> on. Period.
>> If you make changes and redistribute them then add your copyright notice
>> with license to the files. Do not remove the existing copyright notice(s)
>> and license(s).
>> You hold the copyright for stuff you wrote, but the original copyright
>> stays for the parts that did not come from you. "Parts" means any fracti=
on
>> of a file from the whole file down to small amounts. You are allowed to
>> add restrictions (unless the existing license says you can't), but you a=
re
>> not allowed to loosen the existing restrictions (unless the existing lic=
ense
>> says you can). Also, it follows from the copyright that your license only
>> applies to the parts copyrighted by you.  The existing licenses are simi=
lar
>> in that they apply only to their parts of the file. All licenses must be
>> followed when the file is treated (copied, used, etc) as a whole.
>> Make sure your license isn't incompatible with the license that applies
>> to other parts of the same file. If that happens then how it will turn o=
ut
>> in court is anyone's guess. The file may not be usable by the public, or
>> the incompatible license terms added by you may be struck down, or a jud=
ge
>> could cook up something else. It can't be predicted in advance so just
>> don't even go there.
>> "Giving credit where it is due" is an important social convention, and I=
'm
>> glad to see that you aren't planning on doing anything unethical like
>> breaking it. But copyright comes from the law and thus must be obeyed ev=
en
>> if you wanted to break purely social conventions.
>> Read up on copyright, and when you do pay close attention to the reliabi=
lity
>> of the source. The issue has become very political in the past 15 years
>> or so. Don't be badly advised by someone who has their own agenda. Most
>> people, to varying degrees, have their own agenda.
>> Finally, if money is at stake (directly or indirectly) I strongly advise
>> talking to a copyright lawyer in particular. That's just general advice.
>> Taking advice from random people online is not a good idea if any money
>> is involved, but I'd give the same advice to my best friend. The general
>> rule applies here as it does elsewhere: "You get what you pay for."
>=20
> Does one have to file legal paper work with the government to be issued a=
 copyright on software?
>=20

No, copyrights are more like artists signing their work -- in a standardize=
d way -- but every bit as legally binding.

They are "first come" priority in the court of law and if-ever disputed, of=
ten require correlative evidentiary proof to show true ownership (a notariz=
ed copy of the work mailed to yourself kept in an unopened envelope perhaps=
).


> Does any software not having a copyright statement or any license comment=
s included in the source mean that it's public domain?
>=20

Be careful here.

The answer to your question is NO.

If a work lacks a license in the source, it may be on the website. If you c=
an't find a license, you must always contact the author(s) before forking s=
omething. If you can neither find the license nor the contact info, it's al=
ways best to assume it is not for reuse. Even the, if you used code that wa=
s from an unknown origin with no license and no author, you should indicate=
 as such in the header of such source files.

Essentially what it boils down to, is that in the court of law (if someone =
indicts or brings a civil suit) you may have to account for the origin of e=
very line -- so that's why:

1. If a file has an inline license (beerware, gpl, bsd, apple, or even one =
you make up all your own), it must stay there to mark the origins

2. If a file is lacking an inline license, it is often because the license =
is too long or unwieldy to embed and it is in a COPYING file distributed wi=
th the source code OR in a terms of agreement on the website (in which case=
 you should download it and place it into a COPYING file). In either case, =
you must package up the same COPYING file or EULA (if allowed; the file/agr=
eement must be read to know if the fork is even permitted).

3. For source files which do not have an inline license and you cannot find=
 a separate license, add a note to the top saying how you acquired the sour=
ce (feel free to put this in a separate file but it must appear somewhere o=
r be readily available upon simple request to anybody and everybody). Then,=
 if you make modifications to the source (of unknown origin), you then slap=
 on your own license for your modifications.

And as the last reply mentioned, if money is involved -- ask a cooyright la=
wyer (the same people in the profession of defending works in the court of =
law if issues arise).

--=20
Devin

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