Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2013 01:28:56 -0500 From: Eitan Adler <lists@eitanadler.com> To: Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu> Cc: freebsd-doc@freebsd.org Subject: Re: explicit use of /etc/rc.d vs service Message-ID: <CAF6rxg=ATLv46sQxhr46nhH_ZRSMW-4vAWYM4QmooiduvbD3vg@mail.gmail.com> In-Reply-To: <alpine.GSO.1.10.1301251216100.9389@multics.mit.edu> References: <CAF6rxgnJPFevO7W%2BypBZdcL7deB%2B_cQHF0AEcVaWWv8FFhcNcQ@mail.gmail.com> <alpine.BSF.2.00.1301240835180.82165@wonkity.com> <CAF6rxgnCEc_7tO9QzMPuEuMr1cOBXO-_BU8oouG3J-Jv7MkeqQ@mail.gmail.com> <alpine.GSO.1.10.1301251216100.9389@multics.mit.edu>
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On 25 January 2013 12:33, Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@mit.edu> wrote:
> On Thu, 24 Jan 2013, Eitan Adler wrote:
> These '???'s would be less likely to leak into your actual commits if they
> were only added once received...
This would break a lot of my workflows (git log --grep and git filter-branch)
> This is not correct. It is the gbde start-up script which is relevant; that
> script is located in /etc/rc.d/gbde. service(8) does not come into play.
Thanks for going through all these - I won't common on each individual
one - just fix them.
> The commit message only mentions one place where a .sh suffix was stripped;
> there are two here.
Forgot about these. Commit message fixed.
The command:</para>
>> - <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
>> rcvar</userinput></screen>
>> + <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd
>> rcvar</userinput></screen>
>
> Wow, that's an uncommon command to pass to service!
It seemed to work. Keeping it.
> Ahem.
:-\
> I am less excited than you about removing mention of rc.d in this case than
> you are, but not enough so so as to object to it.
I would prefer to see service(8) be the interface and rc.d be a mere
implementation detail.
> Hmm, maybe this block and the previous should use a more identical wording.
Explain?
==== Version 2 ====
This is mostly the same as above with corrections for the issues noted above.
==============
commit 87f317a1a7971f66c3c0f0ce15c240047de0c422
Author: Eitan Adler <lists@eitanadler.com>
Date: Thu Jan 24 12:26:10 2013 -0500
Prefer the use of service(1) to explicit invocation of /etc/rc.d
scripts: service(1) puts things in one place and abstracts them.
Also, it's less
typing and easier to autocomplete.
While here modernize script examples by removing the ".sh" suffix.
Discussed on: -doc
Reviewed by: ???
Approved by: ??? (mentor)
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
index dd1680c..82c190a 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>At this point, you are ready to bring up the
wireless interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput></screen>
<para>Once the interface is running, use
<command>ifconfig</command> to see the status of the
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>Then we can bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root;
<userinput><filename>/etc/rc.d/netif</filename> start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput><filename>service
netif</filename> start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6
@@ -1513,10 +1513,9 @@ wlan0:
flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
<programlisting>wlans_ath0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
- <para>The next step is to bring up the interface with the
- help of the <filename>rc.d</filename> facility:</para>
+ <para>The next step is to bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -1607,7 +1606,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>The next step is to bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -1719,7 +1718,7 @@ ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"</programlisting>
<para>Then we can bring up the interface:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif start</userinput>
Starting wpa_supplicant.
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15
@@ -2090,7 +2089,7 @@ wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP <co
id="co-ap-wpapsk-pwise"/></programlisting>
<para>The next step is to start
<application>hostapd</application>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/hostapd
forcestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service hostapd
forcestart</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig
<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput>
wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2290
@@ -2330,13 +2329,13 @@ ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81,
bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2
ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,
wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294</screen>
- <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/bluetooth</filename> script
+ <para>&man.service.8;
is used to start and stop the Bluetooth stack. It is a good
idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device, but it is
not (usually) fatal. When starting the stack, you will
receive output similar to the following:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/bluetooth start
ubt0</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service bluetooth start ubt0</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a
Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00
<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>
@@ -2687,7 +2686,7 @@ Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:
<para>Then the <application>sdpd</application> daemon can be
started with:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sdpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sdpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>The local server application that wants to provide
Bluetooth service to the remote clients will register service
@@ -4169,7 +4168,7 @@ margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100</programlisting>
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> file for this command
to execute correctly:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100</programlisting>
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> at the first step, you
probably want to reboot instead.</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service mountd
restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
@@ -4442,7 +4441,7 @@ cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Restart the NFS server:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/nfsd restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service nfsd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
@@ -4460,7 +4459,7 @@ cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Restart inetd:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
index 646fb9d..642ce69 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/audit/chapter.xml
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ requirements. -->
<para>Audit support must then be started by a reboot, or by
manually starting the audit daemon:</para>
- <programlisting>/etc/rc.d/auditd start</programlisting>
+ <programlisting>service auditd start</programlisting>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="audit-config">
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
index d710731..ef5d984 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.xml
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
For instance, &man.sshd.8; can be restarted with the following
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd restart</userinput></screen>
<para>This procedure is similar for other services. Of course,
services are usually started automatically at boot time as
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> setting, execute the following
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
onerestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd
onerestart</userinput></screen>
<para>It is easy to check if a service is enabled in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> by running the appropriate
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ HOME=/var/log
<command>sshd</command> is in fact enabled in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> by running:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd rcvar</userinput>
# sshd
$sshd_enable=YES</screen>
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ $sshd_enable=YES</screen>
<option>status</option> option is available. For instance to
verify that <command>sshd</command> is actually started:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd status</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd status</userinput>
sshd is running as pid 433.</screen>
<para>In some cases it is also possible to <option>reload</option>
@@ -1218,14 +1218,14 @@ ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask
255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP"</programlis
configuration errors. Alternatively you can just relaunch the
networking system:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/netif
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service netif
restart</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>If a default gateway has been set in
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, use also this
command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/routing
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service routing restart</userinput></screen>
</note>
<para>Once the networking system has been relaunched, you should
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
index 176c7b2..48bbfdc 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.xml
@@ -3364,7 +3364,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
<para>Now restart <command>inetd</command>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd
restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -4422,7 +4422,7 @@ Device 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity
local disk, and start the &man.hastd.8; daemon:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hastctl create test</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/hastd onestart</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service hastd onestart</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>It is <emphasis>not</emphasis> possible to use GEOM
@@ -4554,7 +4554,7 @@ notify 30 {
<para>Restart &man.devd.8; on both nodes to put the new
configuration into effect:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devd restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devd restart</userinput></screen>
<para>When the <devicename>carp0</devicename> interface goes
up or down (i.e., the interface state changes), the system
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
index c3eeb38..3602d92 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems/chapter.xml
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size="5M"</programlisting>
commands:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'zfs_enable="YES"'
>> /etc/rc.conf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/zfs start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service zfs start</userinput></screen>
<para>The remainder of this document assumes three
<acronym>SCSI</acronym> disks are available, and their
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
index 83c556e..72913cb 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
<para>Then run the startup script to load the module:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/pf
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service pf start</userinput></screen>
<para>Note that the PF Module will not load if it cannot find
the ruleset config file. The default location is
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
<para>Then run the startup script to load the module:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/pflog
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service pflog start</userinput></screen>
<para>If you need other <acronym>PF</acronym> features you will
need to compile <acronym>PF</acronym> support into the
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ LOG_ERR - packets which have been logged and which
can be considered short</scre
<para>To activate the changes to <filename>/etc/syslog.conf
</filename> you can reboot or bump the &man.syslogd.8;
daemon into re-reading <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>
- by running <command>/etc/rc.d/syslogd reload</command></para>
+ by running <command>service syslogd reload</command></para>
<para>Do not forget to change
<filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename> to rotate the new
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
index 71cf55c..0812972 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/jails/chapter.xml
@@ -370,12 +370,12 @@
jail_<replaceable>www</replaceable>_devfs_ruleset="<replaceable>www_ruleset</rep
</step>
</procedure>
- <para>The <filename>/etc/rc.d/jail</filename> script can be used to
+ <para>&man.service.8; can be used to
start or stop a jail by hand, if an entry for it exists in
<filename>rc.conf</filename>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail stop
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail stop
<replaceable>www</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>A clean way to shut down a &man.jail.8; is not available at
the moment. This is because commands normally used to accomplish
@@ -857,11 +857,11 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<step>
<para>In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to
run. First, mount the required file systems for each
- jail, and then start them using the
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/jail</filename> script:</para>
+ jail, and then start them using the jail rc
+ script.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<step>
<para>The right time to stop the jails is now:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail stop</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail stop</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Unmount the original file systems:</para>
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ jail_www_devfs_enable="YES"</programlisting>
start the jails:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/jail start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service jail start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
index fcd7304..ee33ada 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ done</programlisting>
<step><para>Start the license server.</para>
<para>The following script, installed as
- <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lmgrd.sh</filename> is a
+ <filename>/usr/local/rtc/rc.d/lmgrd</filename> is a
convenient way to start up <command>lmgrd</command>:</para>
<programlisting> ----- snip ------------
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ FEATURE Maple maplelmg 2000.0831 permanent 1 XXXXXXXXXXXX \
<step>
<para>Create a startup file at
- <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</filename>. The
+ <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm</filename>. The
example below is a modified version of the distributed
<filename>$MATLAB/etc/rc.lm.glnx86</filename>. The
changes are file locations, and startup of the license
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ exit 0</programlisting>
<important>
<para>The file must be made executable:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm</userinput></screen>
<para>You must also replace
<replaceable>username</replaceable> above with the name
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ exit 0</programlisting>
<step>
<para>Start the license manager with the command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service flexlm start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
index 12cd797..3c63bbd 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail/chapter.xml
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
<para>and finally start the saslauthd daemon:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/saslauthd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service saslauthd start</userinput></screen>
<para>This daemon serves as a broker for
<application>sendmail</application> to
authenticate against your FreeBSD <filename>passwd</filename>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
index 6856ac9..578cf6f 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.xml
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM
tuner.</programlisting>
<para>Start the backend:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo
'mythbackend_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mythbackend
start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service mythbackend start</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
index 4fc8598..4e608b1 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<application>inetd</application> starting at boot time.
The command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd
rcvar</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd rcvar</userinput></screen>
<para>
can be run to display the current effective setting.</para>
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
<title>Reloading the <application>inetd</application>
Configuration File</title>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd reload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd reload</userinput></screen>
</example>
<para>Each line of the configuration file specifies an
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ mountd_flags="-r"</programlisting>
<para>or by invoking the <command>mountd</command> &man.rc.8;
script with the appropriate parameter:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd
onereload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service mountd
onereload</userinput></screen>
<para>Please refer to <xref linkend="configtuning-rcd"/> for
more information about using rc scripts.</para>
@@ -872,8 +872,8 @@ rpc_statd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Start the application by using:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/lockd start</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/statd start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service lockd start</userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service statd start</userinput></screen>
<para>If real locking between the <acronym>NFS</acronym> clients
and <acronym>NFS</acronym> server is not required, it is
@@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ Exports list on foobar:
initializing the NIS maps, start the
<application>ypserv</application> daemon manually:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypserv start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ypserv start</userinput></screen>
</sect4>
<sect4>
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ nis_client_enable="YES"</programlisting>
following commands as the superuser:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/netstart</userinput>
-&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ypbind start</userinput></screen>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>service ypbind start</userinput></screen>
<para>After completing these steps, you should be able to
run <command>ypcat passwd</command> and see the NIS
@@ -3009,7 +3009,7 @@ dhcpd_ifaces="dc0"</programlisting>
<para>Then, you can proceed to start the server by issuing
the following command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/isc-dhcpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service isc-dhcpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>Should you need to make changes to the configuration
of your server in the future, it is important to note that
@@ -3380,7 +3380,7 @@ dhcpd_ifaces="dc0"</programlisting>
To start the server one time with
this configuration, use the following command:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/named
onestart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service named
onestart</userinput></screen>
<para>To ensure the <application>named</application> daemon is
started at boot each time, put the following line into the
@@ -4629,9 +4629,8 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
<para>The <filename role="package">www/apache22</filename> port
installs an &man.rc.8; script to aid in starting, stopping,
and restarting <application>Apache</application>, which can be
- found in the <filename
- class="directory">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>
- directory.</para>
+ found in <filename
+ class="directory">/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>.</para>
<para>To launch <application>Apache</application> at system
startup, add the following line to
@@ -4653,8 +4652,6 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
or by the &man.service.8; utility by issuing one of the
following commands:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22
configtest</userinput></screen>
-
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service apache22
configtest</userinput></screen>
<note>
@@ -4667,10 +4664,7 @@ $include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key ;
ZSK</programlisting>
<para>If <application>Apache</application> does not report
configuration errors, the
<application>Apache</application> <command>httpd</command>
- can be started with the same &man.rc.8; and &man.service.8;
- mechanisms:</para>
-
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22
start</userinput></screen>
+ can be started with &man.service.8;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service apache22
start</userinput></screen>
@@ -5095,7 +5089,7 @@ DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
manually by executing the following command as
<username>root</username>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/ftpd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ftpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>You can now log on to your FTP server by typing:</para>
@@ -5383,7 +5377,7 @@ DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
<para>It is possible then to start
<application>Samba</application> at any time by typing:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba
start</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service samba start</userinput>
Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs :
Starting nmbd.
Starting smbd.</screen>
@@ -5403,7 +5397,7 @@ Starting smbd.</screen>
<para>You can stop <application>Samba</application> at any time
by typing :</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/samba
stop</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service samba stop</userinput></screen>
<para><application>Samba</application> is a complex software
suite with functionality that allows broad integration with
@@ -5781,7 +5775,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-a logclient.example.com -v
-v"</programlisting>
<para>At this point, the <command>syslogd</command> daemon
should be restarted and verified:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd restart</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd restart</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>pgrep syslog</userinput></screen>
<para>If a <acronym>PID</acronym> is returned, the server has
@@ -5857,7 +5851,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-s -v -v"</programlisting>
<para>Once added, <command>syslogd</command> must be restarted
for the changes to take effect:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>To test that log messages are being sent across the
network, use &man.logger.1; on the client to send a message to
@@ -5894,7 +5888,7 @@ syslogd_flags="-s -v -v"</programlisting>
<programlisting>syslogd_flags="-d -a logclien.example.com -v
-v"</programlisting>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the
screen immediately after the restart:</para>
@@ -5919,7 +5913,7 @@ rejected in rule 0 due to name mismatch.</screen>
<literal>logclien</literal>. After the proper alterations
are made, a restart is issued with expected results:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/syslogd restart</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service syslogd restart</userinput>
logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart
syslogd: restarted
logmsg: pri 6, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: kernel
boot file is /boot/kernel/kernel
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
index 24ea0b2..1a4caf5 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
@@ -2953,7 +2953,7 @@ water.CS.Example localhost.Example. UGH
34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438
<para>To apply the settings immediately you can execute the
following command as <username>root</username>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; /etc/rc.d/routing start</screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; service routing start</screen>
<para>Please refer to <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/> on
Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel for help in
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
index 5ebbb51..3cd5bd1 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/security/chapter.xml
@@ -1483,10 +1483,9 @@ Enter secret pass phrase: <userinput><secret
password></userinput>
qpopper : ALL : allow</programlisting>
<para>After adding this line, <application>inetd</application>
- will need to be restarted. This can be accomplished by use of
- the &man.kill.1; command, or with the
- <parameter>restart</parameter> parameter with
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/inetd</filename>.</para>
+ will need to be restarted by using &man.service.8;:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service inetd restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -1860,8 +1859,8 @@ Password: <userinput>xxxxxxxx</userinput>
Verifying password - Password: <userinput>xxxxxxxx</userinput></screen>
<para>Now it is time to start up the <acronym>KDC</acronym>
- services. Run <command>/etc/rc.d/kerberos start</command> and
- <command>/etc/rc.d/kadmind start</command> to bring up the
+ services. Run <command>service kerberos start</command> and
+ <command>service kadmind start</command> to bring up the
services. Note that you will not have any kerberized daemons
running at this point but you should be able to confirm that
the <acronym>KDC</acronym> is functioning by obtaining and
@@ -1985,7 +1984,7 @@ kadmin><userinput> exit</userinput></screen>
example we will enable the <command>telnet</command> service
by putting a line like this into your
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> and then restarting the
- &man.inetd.8; service with <command>/etc/rc.d/inetd
+ &man.inetd.8; service with <command>service inetd
restart</command>:</para>
<programlisting>telnet stream tcp nowait root
/usr/libexec/telnetd telnetd -a user</programlisting>
@@ -3209,10 +3208,10 @@ racoon_enable="yes"</programlisting>
<para>This will load &man.sshd.8;, the daemon program for
<application>OpenSSH</application>, the next time your
system initializes. Alternatively, it is possible to use
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/sshd</filename> &man.rc.8; script to
+ &man.service.8; to
start <application>OpenSSH</application>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
start</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd start</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@@ -3601,7 +3600,7 @@ user@unfirewalled-system.example.org's password:
<userinput>*******</userinput><
<filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename> you must tell
&man.sshd.8; to reload its config files, by running:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sshd
reload</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service sshd reload</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
index e9a0845..4d760b1 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/virtualization/chapter.xml
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator</programlisting>
<para>Then, restart devfs:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
<para>USB can now be enabled in the guest operating system. USB
devices should be visible in the &virtualbox;
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator</programlisting>
perm xpt0 0660
perm pass* 0660</programlisting>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devfs
restart</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<!--
--
Eitan Adler
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