Date: Sun, 22 Dec 2013 14:19:25 +0000 (UTC) From: Taras Korenko <taras@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r43366 - head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users Message-ID: <201312221419.rBMEJPUs080422@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: taras Date: Sun Dec 22 14:19:25 2013 New Revision: 43366 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43366 Log: The contents of ru/handbook/users is now syncronized to "Users and Basic Account Management" of en/handbook/basics (r43328). The next step is to integrate it into ru/handbook/basics. Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Modified: head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml ============================================================================== --- head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Sun Dec 22 11:40:52 2013 (r43365) +++ head/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/users/chapter.xml Sun Dec 22 14:19:25 2013 (r43366) @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ Original revision: r43126 --> - <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="users"> <info> <title>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ É ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title> @@ -24,33 +23,27 @@ <sect1 xml:id="users-synopsis"> <title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title> - <para>&os; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ + <para>&os; ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. ÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÄÅÔØ ÚÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÏÊ É ÐÅÒÅÄ ÜËÒÁÎÏÍ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔØ. äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para> - <para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para> + <para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> - <para>òÁÚÌÉÞÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ - &os;.</para> - </listitem> - - <listitem> - <para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ É ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para> + <para>òÁÚÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>ëÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÁËÉÅ - ËÁË ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÍÕÀ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ.</para> + <para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ, ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ É ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> - <para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ - ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÁÍÑÔØ É ×ÒÅÍÑ - ãðõ.</para> + <para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ× + ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> @@ -58,37 +51,86 @@ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> - - <para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ:</para> - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem> - <para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ <link linkend="basics">ÏÓÎÏ× &unix; - É &os;</link>.</para> - </listitem> - </itemizedlist> </sect1> <sect1 xml:id="users-introduction"> - <title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title> + <title>òÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ</title> <para>ôÁË ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ, ÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para> - <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ - ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ.</para> + <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÒÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ + ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.</para> + + <sect2 xml:id="users-system"> + <title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</title> + + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary>ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ</secondary> + </indexterm> + <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ + ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ + ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ + ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para> + + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary><systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem></secondary> + </indexterm> + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary><systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem></secondary> + </indexterm> + <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: + <systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem>, + <systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem>, + <systemitem class="username">bind</systemitem>, + <systemitem class="username">news</systemitem> É + <systemitem class="username">www</systemitem>.</para> + + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem></secondary> + </indexterm> + <para><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ + ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ + ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ + <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× + É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ + ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 xml:id="users-user"> + <title>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title> + + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary>ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</secondary> + </indexterm> + <para>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ + Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, + ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ + ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ×ÙÑÓÎÑÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ É ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para> + + <para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ, + ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÏË ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÑÚÙËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ + ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ.</para> + <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os; Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ + ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</term> <listitem> <para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ××ÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ - <prompt>login:</prompt>. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ - × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ + <prompt>login:</prompt>. éÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ + ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÉÍÅÎ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ × &man.passwd.5;. - ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ + òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÚ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÕÀ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ.</para> </listitem> @@ -98,8 +140,7 @@ <term>ðÁÒÏÌØ</term> <listitem> - <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ. ðÁÒÏÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÐÕÓÔÙÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ.</para> + <para>ó ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -108,21 +149,13 @@ <listitem> <para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (<acronym>UID</acronym>) — - ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ - 65535<footnote xml:id="users-largeuidgid"> - <para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ - <acronym>UID</acronym>/<acronym>GID</acronym> ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ - 4294967295, ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ID ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó - ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ, ÄÅÌÁÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ Ï ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÈ - ID.</para> - </footnote>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. óÁÍÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ &os; ÄÌÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <acronym>UID</acronym>. ìÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ - &os;, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ - ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë <acronym>UID</acronym>. íÁÌÏ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, - ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ó ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ <acronym>UID</acronym>. &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ - ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ËÁË ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> + ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;. ìÀÂÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÁÑ + × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ + ÅÇÏ Ë <acronym>UID</acronym>. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ + <acronym>UID</acronym>, ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ + ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -131,48 +164,50 @@ <listitem> <para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ (<acronym>GID</acronym>) — - ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ ÏÔ 0 ÄÏ - 65535<footnoteref linkend="users-largeuidgid"/>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ - ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ - ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ - ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å <acronym>GID</acronym> ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ - ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ <acronym>UID</acronym>. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ - ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ - ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ.</para> + ÜÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÊ + ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. çÒÕÐÐÙ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ + ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å <acronym>GID</acronym> + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÅÇÏ <acronym>UID</acronym>. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ + ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. + ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ × ÏÄÎÕ + ÇÒÕÐÐÕ. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ + <acronym>GID</acronym>, ÎÅ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÅ 65535, ÔÁË ËÁË ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ + ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> - <term>ëÌÁÓÓ ÌÏÇÉÎÁ</term> + <term>ëÌÁÓÓ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ (login class)</term> <listitem> - <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÌÏÇÉÎÏ× ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÕ ÇÒÕÐÐ, - ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ.</para> + <para>ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÕ ÇÒÕÐÐ, + ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÅÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÁÂÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × + <xref linkend="users-limiting"/>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> - <term>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</term> + <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</term> <listitem> - <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ &os; ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÕÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ. - ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para> + <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÁÀÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ + ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ + ÏÂÑÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> - <term>÷ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</term> + <term>óÒÏË ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</term> <listitem> <para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os; ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÒÏËÁ - ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ, - ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ - ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ - × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ - ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ.</para> + ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÏ× × ÕÞÅÂÎÏÍ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÉ, ÐÒÉ + ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.pw.8; ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÄÁÔÕ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. + ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ ÄÁÔÙ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ + ÎÅÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÈÏÔÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÜÔÏÊ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ÎÅÔÒÏÎÕÔÙÍÉ.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -181,9 +216,10 @@ <listitem> <para>éÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ - ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÎÏ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ - Ó ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ - ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.</para> + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × &os;, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ + ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÅ + ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. úÄÅÓØ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÐÏÄÞÅÒËÉ×ÁÎÉÑ, + ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ ÄÏ 8 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -212,36 +248,27 @@ </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> - - <para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: - <link linkend="users-superuser">ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ</link>, - <link linkend="users-system">ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</link>, É - <link linkend="users-user">ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</link>. - õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ - <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ - ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ - ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ - ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÞÔÙ, É ÔÁË - ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para> + </sect2> <sect2 xml:id="users-superuser"> - <title>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title> + <title>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title> - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary>ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root)</secondary> - </indexterm> - <para>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ - <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ - ÄÌÑ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ - ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ, - ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para> - - <para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ - ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ - ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ + <indexterm> + <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> + <secondary>ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (root)</secondary> + </indexterm> + <para>õÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ + ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÎÁ + ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË + ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ÏÂÝÅÅ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ + ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.</para> + + <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÍÏÖÅÔ + ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÀ + ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ + ×ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÈ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÅÚÄÅ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ.</para> @@ -250,74 +277,45 @@ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÂÅÚ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para> - <para>÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ - ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÅÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ. - üÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ ËÁË Ë ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ, ÔÁË É - Ë ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ - ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, É ËÁË ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ - ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ É ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.</para> - </sect2> - - <sect2 xml:id="users-system"> - <title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</title> - - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary>ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ</secondary> - </indexterm> - <para>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ - ËÁË DNS, ÐÏÞÔÁ, ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ - ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÏÔ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÉ - ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para> - - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary><systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem></secondary> - </indexterm> - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary><systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem></secondary> - </indexterm> - <para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ: - <systemitem class="username">daemon</systemitem>, - <systemitem class="username">operator</systemitem>, - <systemitem class="username">bind</systemitem>, - <systemitem class="username">news</systemitem> É - <systemitem class="username">www</systemitem>.</para> + <para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. + îÁÉÍÅÎÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ — ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÄ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para> + + <para>÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ &man.su.1;. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ + ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÌÀÞ <literal>-</literal>, + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. + ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÝÉÊ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × + ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ + ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÓÑ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÎÁÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para> + + <para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ + ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make install</command>, ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ + ÐÒÁ× ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. ðÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ + ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔ <command>exit</command>, ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ×ÙÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ + ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ + ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para> - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem></secondary> - </indexterm> - <para><systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> ÜÔÏ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÁÑ - ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÞÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ - ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ - <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× - É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ - ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÒÁ× ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> - </sect2> + <example> + <title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title> - <sect2 xml:id="users-user"> - <title>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</title> + <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>configure</userinput> +&prompt.user; <userinput>make</userinput> +&prompt.user; <userinput>su -</userinput> +Password: +&prompt.root; <userinput>make install</userinput> +&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput> +&prompt.user;</screen> + </example> - <indexterm> - <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> - <secondary>ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</secondary> - </indexterm> - <para>õÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ - Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ. üÔÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÉÚÏÌÉÒÕÀÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É - ÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ - ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ - ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ ÓÒÅÄÕ ÂÅÚ ×ÌÉÑÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para> - - <para>ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÝÁÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÍÅÔØ - ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ - ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ËÔÏ ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÓÂÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ - ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÞÕÖÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para> - - <para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÕÀ - ÓÒÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÕÖÄÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, - ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÚÙËÁ.</para> + <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.su.1; ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÉÎÏÞÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ + ÉÌÉ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ. + ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù ÅÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔØ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ + <package>security/sudo</package>. üÔÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ + ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ + ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ + Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> </sect2> </sect1> @@ -329,12 +327,15 @@ <secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ</secondary> </indexterm> - <para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ - ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ - × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÈ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para> + <para>&os; ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ + ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. <xref linkend="users-modifying-utilities"/> + ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÎÉÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ + ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. úÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÅ + ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÏ×.</para> + + <table frame="none" pgwide="1" xml:id="users-modifying-utilities"> + <title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÞÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ</title> - <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colwidth="1*"/> <colspec colwidth="2*"/> @@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ </row> <row> <entry>&man.passwd.1;</entry> - <entry>ðÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ + <entry>éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</entry> </row> <row> @@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ </row> </tbody> </tgroup> - </informaltable> + </table> <sect2 xml:id="users-adduser"> <title><command>adduser</command></title> @@ -389,15 +390,29 @@ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÛÁÂÌÏÎÏ×</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>skeleton directory</primary></indexterm> - <para>&man.adduser.8; ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ + <para>äÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ + &man.adduser.8;. ðÒÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> É <filename>/etc/group</filename>. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÐÉÒÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÚ <filename>/usr/share/skel</filename>, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ.</para> + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÏÊ. + üÔÕ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> - <example> + <para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.adduser.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ. äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ + ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×. ëÁË + ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × <xref linkend="users-modifying-adduser"/>, + ÏÔ×ÅÔÏÍ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ ××ÏÄ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ + ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ <keycap>Return</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÑ + ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÓËÏÂËÁÈ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ + ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ + <systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ + ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÅÍÕ ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ + ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.su.1;. + îÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÛÁÇÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÉÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÕÞÅÔÎÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ + ÉÌÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para> + + <example xml:id="users-modifying-adduser"> <title>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × &os;</title> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser</userinput> @@ -433,8 +448,8 @@ Goodbye! </example> <note> - <para>ôÁË ËÁË ××ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ - ÄÏÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para> + <para>ðÒÉ ÎÁÂÏÒÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÔÁÒÁÊÔÅÓØ + ÎÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÏÐÅÞÁÔÏË × ÐÁÒÏÌÅ ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para> </note> </sect2> @@ -447,8 +462,9 @@ Goodbye! <secondary>ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ</secondary> </indexterm> - <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ - &man.rmuser.8;. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para> + <para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ + &man.rmuser.8; Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ + ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ:</para> <procedure> <step> @@ -481,20 +497,16 @@ Goodbye! <step> <para>õÄÁÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ, ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× - Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ + Ó ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÚ <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para> </step> <step> <para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, × <filename>/etc/group</filename> ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ - ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> - - <note> - <para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É - ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. - üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ - ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &man.adduser.8;.</para> - </note> + ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ + ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ É ÉÍÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, + ÏÎÁ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ + ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ &man.adduser.8;.</para> </step> </procedure> @@ -514,12 +526,7 @@ Matching password entry: jru:*:1001:1001::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/zsh Is this the entry you wish to remove? <userinput>y</userinput> Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? <userinput>y</userinput> -Updating password file, updating databases, done. -Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done. -Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done. -Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done. -Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done. -Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done. +Removing user (jru): mailspool home passwd. &prompt.root;</screen> </example> </sect2> @@ -528,12 +535,10 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /va <title><command>chpass</command></title> <indexterm><primary><command>chpass</command></primary></indexterm> - <para>&man.chpass.1; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ - × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ: ÐÁÒÏÌÉ, ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ - ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.</para> - - <para>ôÏÌØËÏ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ É ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.chpass.1;.</para> + <para>ðÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.chpass.1; ÌÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ + ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÕÀ Ó ÅÇÏ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ. é ÔÏÌØËÏ + ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para> <para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× (ËÒÏÍÅ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ), &man.chpass.1; ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ @@ -541,12 +546,20 @@ Removing files belonging to jru from /va ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para> <note> - <para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ - ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ.</para> + <para>åÓÌÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ + ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÛÅÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para> </note> - <example> - <title>éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> + <para>÷ <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-su"/> ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, + ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>chpass jru</command>, ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ + ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ + ÐÏÌÑ. åÓÌÉ <systemitem class="username">jru</systemitem> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔ + ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ÔÏ ÌÉÛØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÛÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÏË ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ + ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × + <xref linkend="users-modifying-chpass-ru"/>.</para> + + <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-su"> + <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title> <screen>#Changing user database information for jru. @@ -566,11 +579,8 @@ Home Phone: Other information:</screen> </example> - <para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ - ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÕÞÅÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para> - - <example> - <title>éÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ + <example xml:id="users-modifying-chpass-ru"> + <title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <command>chpass</command> Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</title> <screen>#Changing user database information for jru. @@ -585,12 +595,13 @@ Other information:</screen> <note> <para>&man.chfn.1; É &man.chsh.1; ÜÔÏ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ &man.chpass.1;, ËÁË É &man.ypchpass.1;, &man.ypchfn.1; É - &man.ypchsh.1;. <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, - ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ <literal>yp</literal> ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ. - îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × - <xref linkend="network-servers"/>.</para> + &man.ypchsh.1;. ôÁË ËÁË <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ + Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ <literal>yp</literal> ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ + ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ. îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÂÕÄÅÔ + ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × <xref linkend="network-servers"/>.</para> </note> </sect2> + <sect2 xml:id="users-passwd"> <title><command>passwd</command></title> @@ -599,16 +610,10 @@ Other information:</screen> <primary>ÕÞÅÔÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ</primary> <secondary>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</secondary> </indexterm> - <para>&man.passwd.1; ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÌÉ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ - ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ.</para> - - <note> - <para>äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÁ×ÔÏÒÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ - ÐÁÒÏÌÑ. ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ - ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ.</para> - </note> + <para>ìÀÂÏÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ + &man.passwd.1;. äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÌÉ + ÎÅÓÁÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ:</para> <example> <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ</title> @@ -622,6 +627,12 @@ passwd: updating the database... passwd: done</screen> </example> + <para>óÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, + ÕËÁÚÁ× ÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.passwd.1;. õÔÉÌÉÔÁ, ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÁÑ + Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÎÅ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ + ÚÁÂÙ×ÞÉ×ÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ.</para> + <example> <title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ</title> @@ -636,8 +647,8 @@ passwd: done</screen> <note> <para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó &man.chpass.1;, &man.yppasswd.1; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ - ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ NIS ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ - ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ.</para> + ÓÓÙÌËÁ ÎÁ &man.passwd.1;, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ <acronym>NIS</acronym> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ + Ó ÏÂÅÉÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ.</para> </note> </sect2> @@ -664,8 +675,9 @@ passwd: done</screen> <secondary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ</secondary> </indexterm> <para>&os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ - ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á - ×ÉÄÁ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ: ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×.</para> + ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×. äÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ + Ë×ÏÔÙ, ËÁË ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ×ÉÄÏ× ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×, ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ + ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÄÁÌÅÅ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ.</para> <indexterm><primary>Ë×ÏÔÙ</primary></indexterm> <indexterm> @@ -785,9 +797,9 @@ passwd: done</screen> ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ÞÉÓÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ É ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÙÅ, É ÆÏÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. üÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÌÉÍÉÔ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ - &man.sysctl.8; <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. þÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ + &man.sysctl.8; <varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÖÅÓÔËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÍÅÈÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ - ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ + ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ: ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÅÍÕ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁÎÁÌÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para> @@ -827,7 +839,7 @@ passwd: done</screen> <listitem> <para>üÔÏ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ<indexterm><primary>openfiles</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ</primary><secondary>openfiles</secondary></indexterm> - ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ + ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ. ÷ &os; ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏËÅÔÏ× É ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IPC, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
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