Date: Wed, 14 May 2014 02:50:12 +0000 (UTC) From: Dru Lavigne <dru@FreeBSD.org> To: doc-committers@freebsd.org, svn-doc-all@freebsd.org, svn-doc-head@freebsd.org Subject: svn commit: r44824 - head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq Message-ID: <201405140250.s4E2oCDO053157@svn.freebsd.org>
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Author: dru Date: Wed May 14 02:50:11 2014 New Revision: 44824 URL: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/44824 Log: Fix some grammos noticed in previous whitespace fixes. Reword to remove i.e., simply, and please. This whole document needs a thorough editorial review and a tech review to remove outdated material. Much of this material belongs in, or is already in, the Handbook. Many more commits to come. Sponsored by: iXsystems Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml Modified: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml ============================================================================== --- head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml Wed May 14 00:03:53 2014 (r44823) +++ head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.xml Wed May 14 02:50:11 2014 (r44824) @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ <para>This is the FAQ for &os; versions &rel3.relx;, &rel2.relx; and &rel.relx;. Every effort has been made to make this FAQ as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to - how it may be improved, please feel free to mail them to the + how it may be improved, send them to the &a.doc;.</para> <para>The latest version of this document is always available @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ users all over the world in their work, education and recreation.</para> - <para>For more detailed information on &os;, please see the + <para>For more detailed information on &os;, refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">&os; Handbook</link>.</para> </answer> @@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ If you have serious license concerns, read the actual <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html">license</link>. - For the simply curious, the license can be summarized like - this.</para> + The license can be summarized like + this:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ problem report submission interface</link> can be used to submit problem reports through a web browser.</para> - <para>Before submitting a problem report, please read <link + <para>Before submitting a problem report, read <link xlink:href="&url.articles.problem-reports;/article.html">Writing &os; Problem Reports</link>, an article on how to write good problem reports.</para> @@ -899,10 +899,10 @@ </listitem> <listitem> - <para>All the other formats generate one file, - called <filename>type.format</filename> (i.e., + <para>All the other formats generate one file. For + example, <filename>article.pdf</filename>, - <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on).</para> + <filename>book.html</filename>, and so on.</para> <para>These files are then compressed using either the <literal>zip</literal> or @@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ <listitem> <para>Channel <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> on <link xlink:href="http://www.rusnet.org.ru/">RUSNET</link>; - is a russian-language oriented channel dedicated to + is a Russian language channel dedicated to helping &os; users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions.</para> </listitem> @@ -1027,8 +1027,8 @@ <listitem> <para>Channel <literal>#bsdchat</literal> on <link xlink:href="http://freenode.net/">Freenode</link>; is - a Traditional-Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language - oriented channel dedicated to helping &os; users. + a Traditional Chinese (UTF-8 encoding) language + channel dedicated to helping &os; users. This is also good place for non-technical discussions.</para> </listitem> @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ <para>BSD Certification Group, Inc. provides system administration certifications for DragonFly BSD, - &os;, NetBSD, OpenBSD. If you are interested in them, + &os;, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. If you are interested in them, visit <link xlink:href="http://www.BSDCertification.org">their site</link>.</para> @@ -1827,8 +1827,8 @@ <para>It is not possible to remove data using the mouse. However, it is possible to <quote>copy and paste</quote>. - Once you get the mouse daemon running (see the <link - linkend="moused">previous question</link>) hold down + Once you get the mouse daemon running as described in the <link + linkend="moused">previous question</link>, hold down button 1 (left button) and move the mouse to select a region of text. Then, press button 2 (middle button) to paste it at the text cursor. Pressing button 3 (right @@ -2154,7 +2154,7 @@ bindkey ^[[3~ delete-char # for xterm</p section refers to open files, the same limits apply to processes.)</para> - <para>If your machine is lightly loaded, and you are simply + <para>If the machine is lightly loaded and you are running a very large number of processes, you can adjust this with the <varname>kern.maxproc</varname> tunable. If this tunable needs adjustment it needs to be defined in @@ -2327,7 +2327,7 @@ to /etc/mail/sendmail.cf.</programlistin <answer> <para>This error message indicates you have exhausted the number of available file descriptors on your system. - Please see the <link + Refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles">kern.maxfiles</link> section of the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html">Tuning @@ -2504,9 +2504,9 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 <para>This error does not mean that the &man.touch.1; utility is missing. The error is instead probably due to the dates of the files being set sometime in the future. - If your CMOS-clock is set to local time you need to run - the command <command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust - the kernel clock when booting into single user + If your CMOS-clock is set to local time, run + <command>adjkerntz -i</command> to adjust + the kernel clock when booting into single-user mode.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -2523,7 +2523,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 </question> <answer> - <para>Please take a look at <link + <para>Refer to <link xlink:href="&url.base;/ports/index.html">the ports page</link> for info on software packages ported to &os;. The list currently tops &os.numports; and is @@ -2589,8 +2589,9 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 </question> <answer> - <para>Yes. Please see <link - xlink:href="&url.base;/java/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link>.</para>; + <para>Yes. Refer to <link + xlink:href="&url.base;/java/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link>; + for more information.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -2611,8 +2612,8 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 information on how to do this. If you are up to date, then someone might have committed a change to the port which works for <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> but which - broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. Please - submit a bug report on this with the &man.send-pr.1; + broke the port for <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. + Submit a bug report with the &man.send-pr.1; command, since the Ports Collection is supposed to work for both the <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> and <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> branches.</para> @@ -2637,7 +2638,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 <varname>WITH_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> or <varname>WITHOUT_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> variables being set in <filename>make.conf</filename>. If - you suspect that this is the case, please try to make + you suspect that this is the case, try to make <filename>INDEX</filename> with those make variables turned off before reporting it to &a.ports;.</para> </answer> @@ -2764,7 +2765,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 </question> <answer> - <para>The open-source <application>Apache + <para>The open source <application>Apache OpenOffice</application> and <application>LibreOffice</application> office suites work natively on &os;.</para> @@ -2919,7 +2920,7 @@ kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i82 tree is different from the one used to build the currently running system (e.g., you are compiling &rel.current;-RELEASE on a &rel2.current;-RELEASE - system). If you are attempting an upgrade, please + system). If you are attempting an upgrade, read <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>, paying particular attention to the <quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote> section at the end.</para> @@ -3029,7 +3030,7 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> <filename>/dev</filename>), flags, and links tend to screw that up. You need to use tools that understand these things, which means &man.dump.8;. Although it is - suggested that you move the data in single user mode, it + suggested that you move the data in single-user mode, it is not required.</para> <para>You should never use anything but &man.dump.8; and @@ -3121,8 +3122,8 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> <para>Long answer: Soft Updates has two characteristics that may be undesirable on certain partitions. First, a Soft Updates partition has a small chance of losing data - during a system crash. (The partition will not be - corrupted; the data will simply be lost.) Second, Soft + during a system crash. The partition will not be + corrupted as the data will simply be lost. Second, Soft Updates can cause temporary space shortages.</para> <para>When using Soft Updates, the kernel can take up to @@ -3236,11 +3237,9 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> </varlistentry> </variablelist> - <para>&os; also supports network file systems such as NFS - (see &man.mount.nfs.8;), NetWare (see &man.mount.nwfs.8;), - and Microsoft-style SMB file systems (see - &man.mount.smbfs.8;). You can find ports based on FUSE - (<package>sysutils/fusefs-kmod</package>) for many other + <para>&os; includes the Network File System <acronym>NFS</acronym> and + the &os; Ports Collection provides several FUSE applications + to support many other file systems.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3256,7 +3255,7 @@ kern.sched.name: ULE</screen> example, if you have an <quote>E</quote> partition as the second DOS partition on the second SCSI drive, there will be a device file for <quote>slice 5</quote> in - <filename>/dev</filename>, so simply mount it:</para> + <filename>/dev</filename>, so mount it:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput></screen> </answer> @@ -3300,7 +3299,7 @@ C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="&os;" C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <para>If &os; is installed on the same disk as the - &windowsnt; boot partition simply copy + &windowsnt; boot partition, copy <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> to <filename>C:\BOOTSECT.BSD</filename>. However, if &os; is installed on a different disk @@ -3317,11 +3316,11 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> MBR.</para> <warning> - <para><emphasis>Do not simply copy + <para><emphasis>Do not copy <filename>/boot/boot0</filename> instead of - <filename>/boot/boot1</filename>; you will overwrite - your partition table and render your computer - un-bootable!</emphasis></para> + <filename>/boot/boot1</filename> as this will overwrite + the partition table and render the computer + unbootable!</emphasis></para> </warning> <para>When the &os; boot manager runs it records the last OS @@ -3511,7 +3510,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <answer> <para>This generally means that there is no CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive, or the drive is not visible on the bus. - Please see the <link + Refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd">Using Data CDs</link> section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue.</para> @@ -3598,7 +3597,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <para>By default, &man.mount.8; will attempt to mount the last data track (session) of a CD. If you would like to load an earlier session, you must use the - <option>-s</option> command line argument. Please see + <option>-s</option> command line argument. Refer to &man.mount.cd9660.8; for specific examples.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3686,7 +3685,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> file while using <command>more</command> on it, <command>more</command> does not immediately choke and complain that it cannot view the file. The entry is - simply removed from the directory so no other program or + removed from the directory so no other program or user can access it. <command>du</command> shows that it is gone — it has walked the directory tree and the file is not listed. <command>df</command> shows that it @@ -3873,8 +3872,8 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <para>Deduplication takes up a significant amount of RAM and may slow down read and write disk access times. Unless one is storing data that is very heavily - duplicated (such as virtual machine images, or user - backups) it is possible that deduplication will do more + duplicated, such as virtual machine images or user + backups, it is possible that deduplication will do more harm than good. Another consideration is the inability to revert deduplication status. If data is written when deduplication is enabled, disabling dedup will not cause @@ -3882,7 +3881,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> until they are next modified.</para> <para>Deduplication can also lead to some unexpected - situations. In particular deleting files may become + situations. In particular, deleting files may become much slower.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -3995,7 +3994,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <question xml:id="root-not-found-cron-errors"> <para>Why do I keep getting messages like <errorname>root: not found</errorname> after editing - <filename>/etc/crontab</filename></para> + <filename>/etc/crontab</filename>?</para> </question> <answer> @@ -4010,7 +4009,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> which &man.crontab.1; updates (the &man.crontab.5; manual page explains the differences in more detail).</para> - <para>If this is what you did, the extra crontab is simply a + <para>If this is what you did, the extra crontab is a copy of <filename>/etc/crontab</filename> in the wrong format it. Delete it with the command:</para> @@ -4065,10 +4064,10 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>.</para> <para>To allow someone to <command>su</command> to - <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, simply put + <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, put them in the <systemitem - class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> group. Use - &man.pw.8; for this purpose.</para> + class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> group using + <command>pw</command>:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw groupmod wheel -m lisa</userinput></screen> @@ -4087,9 +4086,9 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <answer> <para>Restart the system using <userinput>boot - -s</userinput> at the loader prompt to enter Single User - mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, simply press - <keycap>Enter</keycap>, and run <command>mount + -s</userinput> at the loader prompt to enter single-user + mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press + <keycap>Enter</keycap> and run <command>mount -urw /</command> to re-mount the root file system in read/write mode. You may also need to run <command>mount -a -t ufs</command> to mount the file system where your @@ -4143,7 +4142,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Please see the Handbook section on <link + <para>Refer to the Handbook section on <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/using-localization.html">using localization</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/using-localization.html#setting-console">console @@ -4166,7 +4165,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <programlisting>options QUOTA</programlisting> - <para>Please read the <link + <para>Refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/quotas.html">Handbook entry on quotas</link> for full details.</para> </listitem> @@ -4178,7 +4177,7 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting> <listitem> <para>Put the quota file on the file system that the - quotas are to be enforced on, i.e.:</para> + quotas are to be enforced on:</para> <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1"> <tgroup cols="2"> @@ -4282,7 +4281,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <answer> <para>Do not panic! Restart the system, type <userinput>boot -s</userinput> at the - <literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter Single User mode. + <literal>Boot:</literal> prompt to enter single-user mode. At the question about the shell to use, hit <keycap>Enter</keycap>. You will be dropped to a &prompt.root; prompt. Enter <command>mount @@ -4296,7 +4295,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <note> <para>If you are still prompted to give the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password when - entering the Single User mode, it means that the console + entering the single-user mode, it means that the console has been marked as <literal>insecure</literal> in <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. In this case it will be required to boot from a &os; installation disk, choose @@ -4304,15 +4303,15 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> at the beginning of the install process and issue the commands mentioned above. You will need to mount the specific partition in this - case and then chroot to it, i.e., replace <command>mount - -urw /</command> by <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; + case and then chroot to it. For example, replace <command>mount + -urw /</command> with <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt</command> for a system on <replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>.</para> </note> <note> - <para>If you cannot mount your root partition from Single - User mode, it is possible that the partitions are + <para>If you cannot mount your root partition from + single-user mode, it is possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount them without the access keys. Your chances depend on the chosen implementation. For more information see the section @@ -4403,14 +4402,10 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for </question> <answer> - <para>Go into single user mode and then back to multi user - mode.</para> - - <para>On the console do:</para> + <para>Go into single-user mode and then back to multi-user + mode:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput> -(Note: without -r or -h) - &prompt.root; <userinput>return</userinput> &prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen> </answer> @@ -4480,7 +4475,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <answer> <para>Short answer: You are probably at security level - greater than 0. Reboot directly to Single User mode to + greater than 0. Reboot directly to single-user mode to install the kernel.</para> <para>Long answer: &os; disallows changing system flags at @@ -4490,7 +4485,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen> <para>You cannot lower the security level; you have to boot - to Single Mode to install the kernel, or change the + to single-user mode to install the kernel, or change the security level in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the &man.init.8; manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see @@ -4508,7 +4503,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <answer> <para>Short answer: You are probably at security level - greater than 1. Reboot directly to Single User mode to + greater than 1. Reboot directly to single-user mode to change the date.</para> <para>Long answer: &os; disallows changing the time by more @@ -4518,7 +4513,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen> <para>You cannot lower the security level; you have to boot - to Single User mode to change the date, or change the + to single-user mode to change the date, or change the security level in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> then reboot. See the &man.init.8; manual page for details on <literal>securelevel</literal>, and see @@ -4560,8 +4555,8 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for </question> <answer> - <para>You are running at an elevated (i.e., greater than 0) - securelevel. Lower the securelevel and try again. For + <para>You are running a securelevel greater than 0. + Lower the securelevel and try again. For more information, see <link linkend="securelevel">the FAQ entry on securelevel</link> and the &man.init.8; manual page.</para> @@ -4835,11 +4830,10 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for X requires write access to &man.io.4;. For more information, see at the &man.init.8; manual page.</para> - <para>There are two solutions to the problem: Set your - <literal>securelevel</literal> back down to zero (usually - in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>), or run &man.xdm.1; - (or an alternative display manager) at boot time (before - the <literal>securelevel</literal> is raised).</para> + <para>There are two solutions to the problem: set the + <literal>securelevel</literal> back down to zero or run &man.xdm.1; + (or an alternative display manager) at boot time before + the <literal>securelevel</literal> is raised.</para> <para>See <xref linkend="xdm-boot"/> for more information about running &man.xdm.1; at boot time.</para> @@ -4908,7 +4902,7 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for <para>Yes.</para> <para>You need to tell X that you have a 5 button mouse. To - do this, simply add the lines <literal>Buttons 5</literal> + do this, add the lines <literal>Buttons 5</literal> and <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> to the <quote>InputDevice</quote> section of <filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>. For example, you @@ -4988,7 +4982,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting> <para>For security reasons, the default setting is to not allow a machine to remotely open a window.</para> - <para>To enable this feature, simply start + <para>To enable this feature, start <application>X</application> with the optional <option>-listen_tcp</option> argument:</para> @@ -5003,7 +4997,7 @@ EndSection</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Virtual consoles, put simply, enable you to have + <para>Virtual consoles enable you to have several simultaneous sessions on the same machine without doing anything complicated like setting up a network or running X.</para> @@ -5148,7 +5142,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" <para>There are two schools of thought on how to start &man.xdm.1;. One school starts <command>xdm</command> from <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (see &man.ttys.5;) - using the supplied example, while the other simply runs + using the supplied example, while the other runs <command>xdm</command> from <filename>rc.local</filename> (see &man.rc.8;) or from an <filename>X</filename> script in @@ -5165,8 +5159,8 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" a problem starting the X server.</para> <para>If loaded from &man.rc.8;, <command>xdm</command> - should be started without any arguments (i.e., as a - daemon). <command>xdm</command> must start + should be started without any arguments. + <command>xdm</command> must start <emphasis>after</emphasis> &man.getty.8; runs, or else <command>getty</command> and <command>xdm</command> will conflict, locking out the console. The best way around @@ -5244,11 +5238,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" <para>If this happens, disable the synchronization check code by setting the driver flags for the PS/2 mouse driver to <literal>0x100</literal>. This can be easiest achieved - by adding - - <screen>hint.psm.0.flags="0x100"</screen> - - to + by adding <literal>hint.psm.0.flags="0x100"</literal> to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and rebooting.</para> </answer> @@ -5435,7 +5425,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <para><quote>Diskless booting</quote> means that the &os; box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard disk. For full - details, please read <link + details, see <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-diskless.html">the Handbook entry on diskless booting</link>.</para> </answer> @@ -5448,7 +5438,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo </question> <answer> - <para>Yes. Please see the Handbook entry on <link + <para>Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/advanced-networking.html">advanced networking</link>, specifically the section on <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-routing.html">routing @@ -5475,15 +5465,15 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo and set <literal>gateway_enable</literal> to <emphasis>YES</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. For more information, - please see the &man.ppp.8; manual page or the <link + refer to &man.ppp.8; or the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>.</para> <para>If you are using kernel-mode PPP or have an Ethernet connection to the Internet, you need to use &man.natd.8;. - Please look at the <link + A tutorial can be found in the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-natd.html">natd</link> - section of the Handbook for a tutorial.</para> + section of the Handbook.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -5496,7 +5486,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <para>Yes. &man.ppp.8; provides support for both incoming and outgoing connections.</para> - <para>For more information on how to use this, please see + <para>For more information on how to use this, refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ppp-and-slip.html">Handbook chapter on PPP</link>.</para> @@ -5510,10 +5500,10 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <answer> <para>Yes. If you want to use NAT over a user PPP - connection, please see the <link + connection, see the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html">Handbook entry on user PPP</link>. If you want to use NAT over - some other sort of network connection, please look at the + some other sort of network connection, look at the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-natd.html">natd</link> section of the Handbook.</para> @@ -5568,7 +5558,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <answer> <para>The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of <filename>/etc/exports</filename>. - Please review &man.exports.5; and the <link + Review &man.exports.5; and the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-nfs.html">NFS</link> entry in the Handbook, especially the section on <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-nfs.html#configuring-nfs">configuring @@ -5691,8 +5681,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <answer> <para>You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with - the <package>sysutils/socket</package> port. Simply - replace the service's command line to call + the <package>sysutils/socket</package> port. + Replace the service's command line to call <command>socket</command> instead, like so:</para> <programlisting>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable></programlisting> @@ -5896,7 +5886,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <para>The most common way to accomplish this is to build a simulated environment in a subdirectory and then run - the processes in that directory chrooted (i.e., + the processes in that directory chrooted so that <filename>/</filename> for that process is this directory, not the real <filename>/</filename> of the system).</para> @@ -5940,7 +5930,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <para><literal>securelevel</literal> is a security mechanism implemented in the kernel. When the securelevel is positive, the kernel restricts certain tasks; not even - the superuser (i.e., <systemitem + the superuser (<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>) is allowed to do them. The securelevel mechanism limits the ability to:</para> @@ -5968,12 +5958,12 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo </itemizedlist> <para>To check the status of the securelevel on a running - system, simply execute the following command:</para> + system:</para> <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -n kern.securelevel</userinput></screen> <para>The output contains the current value of the - securelevel. If it is positive (i.e., greater than 0), at + securelevel. If it is greater than 0, at least some of the securelevel's protections are enabled.</para> @@ -5989,8 +5979,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo reboot.</para> <para>For more information on securelevel and the specific - things all the levels do, please consult the &man.init.8; - manual page.</para> + things all the levels do, consult &man.init.8;.</para> <warning> <para>Securelevel is not a silver bullet; it has many @@ -6013,8 +6002,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo file.</para> <para>This point and others are often discussed on the - mailing lists, particularly the &a.security;. Please - search the archives <link + mailing lists, particularly the &a.security;. + Search the archives <link xlink:href="&url.base;/search/index.html">here</link> for an extensive discussion. A more fine-grained mechanism is preferred.</para> @@ -6099,7 +6088,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo mounted for some reason, <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> will not be able to log in to fix a problem (although if you reboot into - single user mode you will be prompted for the path to a + single-user mode you will be prompted for the path to a shell).</para> <para>Some people use <systemitem @@ -6107,7 +6096,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> tasks with a non-standard shell, leaving <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, with a standard - shell, for single user mode or emergencies. By default + shell, for single-user mode or emergencies. By default you cannot log in using <systemitem class="username">toor</systemitem> as it does not have a password, so log in as <systemitem @@ -6133,7 +6122,7 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <para>You should first read the &man.ppp.8; manual page and the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp">PPP - section of the handbook</link>. Enable logging with the + section of the Handbook</link>. Enable logging with the following command:</para> <programlisting>set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command</programlisting> @@ -6168,14 +6157,14 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Wo <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is consulted by your resolver first by editing <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename> and putting the - <literal>hosts</literal> line first. Then, simply put an + <literal>hosts</literal> line first. Then, put an entry in <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> for your local machine. If you have no local network, change your <systemitem>localhost</systemitem> line:</para> <programlisting>127.0.0.1 foo.example.com foo localhost</programlisting> - <para>Otherwise, simply add another entry for your host. + <para>Otherwise, add another entry for your host. Consult the relevant manual pages for more details.</para> <para>You should be able to successfully <command>ping -c1 @@ -6200,7 +6189,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UG 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0</programlisting> <para>This is assuming that you have used the addresses from - the handbook, the manual page, or from + the Handbook, the manual page, or from <filename>ppp.conf.sample</filename>. If you do not have a default route, it may be because you forgot to add the <literal>HISADDR</literal> line to @@ -6217,7 +6206,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UG <para>If this is the case, go back to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html#userppp-final">Final System Configuration</link> section of the - handbook.</para> + Handbook.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -6248,7 +6237,7 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting> <para>Refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip">PPP - and Dynamic IP addresses</link> section of the handbook + and Dynamic IP addresses</link> section of the Handbook for further details.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -6323,7 +6312,7 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting> apparent explanation. The first thing to establish is which side of the link is hung.</para> - <para>If you are using an external modem, you can simply try + <para>If you are using an external modem, try using &man.ping.8; to see if the <acronym>TD</acronym> light is flashing when you transmit data. If it flashes (and the <acronym>RD</acronym> light does not), the @@ -7092,7 +7081,7 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting> <answer> <para>There is a list of these in the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/serial.html">Serial - Communications</link> chapter of the handbook.</para> + Communications</link> chapter of the Handbook.</para> <para>Most multi-port PCI cards that are based on 16550 or clones are supported with no extra effort.</para> @@ -7114,7 +7103,7 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting> <answer> <para>See <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/serialconsole-setup.html">this - section of the handbook</link>.</para> + section of the Handbook</link>.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> @@ -7259,7 +7248,7 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Please read the section about <link + <para>Refer to the section about <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/dialup.html">Dial-in Services</link> in the &os; Handbook.</para> </answer> @@ -7584,7 +7573,7 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Please see the <link + <para>Refer to the <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/freebsd-glossary.html">&os; Glossary</link>.</para> </answer> @@ -7964,7 +7953,7 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Please see the article on <link + <para>See the article on <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/article.html">Contributing to &os;</link> for specific advice on how to do this. Assistance is more than welcome!</para> @@ -8007,10 +7996,10 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para><literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag, - like the others; it is simply a symbolic constant for - <quote><emphasis>the current, non-branched development - stream</emphasis></quote> which we simply refer to as + <para><literal>HEAD</literal> is not an actual branch tag. + It is a symbolic constant for + the current, non-branched development + stream known as <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.</para> <para>Right now, <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> is the @@ -8043,7 +8032,7 @@ hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting> </question> <answer> - <para>Please take a look at the article on <link + <para>Take a look at the article on <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/article.html">Contributing to &os;</link> to learn how to submit code.</para> @@ -8109,7 +8098,7 @@ panic: page fault</programlisting> the instruction pointer address will be somewhere inside a function, not at the start. If you do not get an exact match, omit the last digit from the - instruction pointer value and try again, i.e.:</para> + instruction pointer value and try again:</para> <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx</userinput></screen>
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