Date: Mon, 12 Apr 1999 11:21:49 +0930 From: Greg Lehey <grog@lemis.com> To: Andrew Gallatin <gallatin@cs.duke.edu>, freebsd-scsi@FreeBSD.ORG Subject: Re: odd performance 'bug' & other questions Message-ID: <19990412112149.F2142@lemis.com> In-Reply-To: <14097.8430.806061.277769@grasshopper.cs.duke.edu>; from Andrew Gallatin on Sun, Apr 11, 1999 at 07:14:25PM -0400 References: <14097.8430.806061.277769@grasshopper.cs.duke.edu>
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On Sunday, 11 April 1999 at 19:14:25 -0400, Andrew Gallatin wrote:
>
> We're setting up a few large servers, each with 6 9GB seagate medalist
> pro drives spread across 2 scsi controllers (aic7890 & ncr53c875).
>
> We've noticed that if we set up the disks using a simple ccd stripe,
> after trying various interleaves, the best read bandwidth we can get
> is only ~35-40MB/sec (using dd if=/dev/rccd0 of=/dev/null bs=64k),
> which is odd because we'd thought we should be getting at least
> 55-60MB/sec, as we get about 13.5MB/sec from each drive with the same
> test.
This kind of test is not very useful, and may be counterproductive.
What size stripe did you use?
I'm attaching a plot of Vinum performance against stripe size with a
volume spanning four very slow disks. I briefly tested ccd and got
very similar results. These were done with 'rawio' against the
character device with 8 concurrent processes. You'll note that
sequential I/O performance peaks at about 80 kB stripes, whereas
random transfers (which are presumably closer to what you're doing)
improve with increasing stripe size. You'll also notice that the
performance ratio is approximately the same as you describe, rather
less than 3x the single disk, but this is misleading, since I only had
four drives in this test.
You'll also notice that the performance figures are terrible; that's
because they were done on some ancient drives (look at the throughput
of the raw drives without Vinum).
> Upon closer examination, we discovered that on some of the drives the
> performance wanders all over the place -- if you do a dd if=/dev/rX
> of=/dev/null bs=64k on an individual disk on an otherwise idle system
> & watch with iostat or systat, you can see the bandwidth jump around
> quite a bit. I'm thinking that my performance problems might be due
> to the fact that the reads aren't really sequential, rather the disk
> arm is moving all over the place to read remapped defective blocks.
Have you considered rotational latency? Unless you spindle-sync the
drives, you can end up with random delays in moving from one drive to
the next. If you spindle-sync them, you may or may not incur a
whole-rotation delay :-) I've done some tests here, and they show the
same effects for single processes.
Greg
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