Date: Wed, 6 Apr 2005 10:46:15 +0200 From: Kirill Ponomarew <krion@voodoo.oberon.net> To: freebsd-stable@FreeBSD.org Subject: 4.11R panics Message-ID: <20050406084615.GF15165@voodoo.oberon.net>
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Got today on one of our servers running 4.11-RELEASE: GNU gdb 4.18 (FreeBSD) Copyright 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain condition= s. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i386-unknown-freebsd"... IdlePTD at physical address 0x003b9000 initial pcb at physical address 0x0031b5c0 panicstr: page fault panic messages: --- Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode fault virtual address =3D 0x20202020 fault code =3D supervisor read, page not present instruction pointer =3D 0x8:0xc0193533 stack pointer =3D 0x10:0xef9fbc88 frame pointer =3D 0x10:0xef9fbca4 code segment =3D base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b =3D DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1 processor eflags =3D interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL =3D 0 current process =3D 6866 (man) interrupt mask =3D net tty bio cam=20 trap number =3D 12 panic: page fault syncing disks... 22 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7=20 done Uptime: 6h47m18s twe0: Cannot delete unit. error =3D 16 dumping to dev #twed/0x20001, offset 8913024 dump 3839 3838 3837 3836 3835 3834 3833 3832 3831 3830 3829 3828 3827 3826 = 3825 3824 3823 3822 3821 3820 3819 3818 3817 3816 3815 3814 3813 3812 3811 = 3810 3809 3808 3807 3806 3805 3804 3803 3802 3801 3800 3799 3798 3797 3796 = 3795 3794 3793 3792 3791 3790 3789 3788 3787 3786 3785 3784 3783 3782 3781 = 3780 3779 3778 3777 3776 3775 3774 3773 3772 3771 3770 3769 3768 3767 3766 = 3765 3764 3763 3762 3761 3760 3759 3758 3757 3756 3755 3754 3753 3752 3751 = 3750 3749 3748 3747 3746 3745 3744 3743 3742 3741 3740 3739 3738 3737 3736 = 3735 3734 3733 3732 3731 3730 3729 3728 3727 3726 3725 3724 3723 3722 3721 = 3720 3719 3718 3717 3716 3715 3714 3713 3712 3711 3710 3709 3708 3707 3706 = 3705 3704 3703 3702 3701 3700 3699 3698 3697 3696 3695 3694 3693 3692 3691 = 3690 3689 3688 3687 3686 3685 3684 3683 3682 3681 3680 3679 3678 3677 3676 = 3675 3674 3673 3672 3671 3670 3669 3668 3667 3666 3665 3664 3663 3662 3661 = 3660 3659 3658 3657 3656 3655 3654 3653 3652 3651 3650 3649 3648 3647 3646 = 3645 3644 3643 3642 3641 3640 3639 3638 3637 3636 3635 3634 3633 3632 3631 = 3630 3629 3628 3627 3626 3625 3624 3623 3622 3621 3620 3619 3618 3617 3616 = 3615 3614 3613 3612 3611 3610 3609 3608 3607 3606 3605 3604 3603 3602 3601 = 3600 3599 3598 3597 3596 3595 3594 3593 3592 3591 3590 3589 3588 3587 3586 = 3585 3584 3583 3582 3581 3580 3579 3578 3577 3576 3575 3574 3573 3572 3571 = 3570 3569 3568 3567 3566 3565 3564 3563 3562 3561 3560 3559 3558 3557 3556 = 3555 3554 3553 3552 3551 3550 3549 3548 3547 3546 3545 3544 3543 3542 3541 = 3540 3539 3538 3537 3536 3535 3534 3533 3532 3531 3530 3529 3528 3527 3526 = 3525 3524 3523 3522 3521 3520 3519 3518 3517 3516 3515 3514 3513 3512 3511 = 3510 3509 3508 3507 3506 3505 3504 3503 3502 3501 3500 3499 3498 3497 3496 = 3495 3494 3493 3492 3491 3490 3489 3488 3487 3486 3485 3484 3483 3482 3481 = 3480 3479 3478 3477 3476 3475 3474 3473 3472 3471 3470 3469 3468 3467 3466 = 3465 3464 3463 3462 3461 3460 3459 3458 3457 3456 3455 3454 3453 3452 3451 = 3450 3449 3448 3447 3446 3445 3444 3443 3442 3441 3440 3439 3438 3437 3436 = 3435 3434 3433 3432 3431 3430 3429 3428 3427 3426 3425 3424 3423 3422 3421 = 3420 3419 3418 3417 3416 3415 3414 3413 3412 3411 3410 3409 3408 3407 3406 = 3405 3404 3403 3402 3401 3400 3399 3398 3397 3396 3395 3394 3393 3392 3391 = 3390 3389 3388 3387 3386 3385 3384 3383 3382 3381 3380 3379 3378 3377 3376 = 3375 3374 3373 3372 3371 3370 3369 3368 3367 3366 3365 3364 3363 3362 3361 = 3360 3359 3358 3357 3356 3355 3354 3353 3352 3351 3350 3349 3348 3347 3346 = 3345 3344 3343 3342 3341 3340=20 --- #0 dumpsys () at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:487 487 if (dumping++) { (kgdb) bt full #0 dumpsys () at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:487 error =3D 0 #1 0xc0197d4b in boot (howto=3D256) at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c:3= 16 howto =3D 256 #2 0xc0198189 in panic (fmt=3D0xc02ec46c "%s") at /usr/src/sys/kern/kern_s= hutdown.c:595 fmt =3D 0xc02ec46c "%s" bootopt =3D 256 buf =3D "page fault", '\000' <repeats 245 times> #3 0xc02a1203 in trap_fatal (frame=3D0xef9fbc48, eva=3D538976288) at /usr/= src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:974 frame =3D (struct trapframe *) 0xef9fbc48 code =3D 16 type =3D 12 ss =3D 16 esp =3D 0 softseg =3D {ssd_base =3D 0, ssd_limit =3D 1048575, ssd_type =3D 27, ssd_d= pl =3D 0, ssd_p =3D 1, ssd_xx =3D 14, ssd_xx1 =3D 0,=20 ssd_def32 =3D 1, ssd_gran =3D 1} #4 0xc02a0eb1 in trap_pfault (frame=3D0xef9fbc48, usermode=3D0, eva=3D5389= 76288) at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:867 va =3D 538976256 vm =3D (struct vmspace *) 0x0 map =3D 0xebdf3480 rv =3D 0 ftype =3D 1 '\001' p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 #5 0xc02a0a2b in trap (frame=3D{tf_fs =3D -274792432, tf_es =3D -947388400= , tf_ds =3D -274792432, tf_edi =3D -1070540928,=20 tf_esi =3D -1070485596, tf_ebp =3D -274744156, tf_isp =3D -274744204,= tf_ebx =3D -1070540928, tf_edx =3D 9, tf_ecx =3D 9,=20 tf_eax =3D 538976288, tf_trapno =3D 12, tf_err =3D 0, tf_eip =3D -107= 2089805, tf_cs =3D 8, tf_eflags =3D 66050, tf_esp =3D 0,=20 tf_ss =3D -874502912}) at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:466 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 sticks =3D 3553920824 i =3D 0 ucode =3D 0 type =3D 12 code =3D 0 eva =3D 538976288 #6 0xc0193533 in malloc (size=3D324, type=3D0xc030d780, flags=3D9) at /usr= /src/sys/kern/kern_malloc.c:243 type =3D (struct malloc_type *) 0xc030d780 kbp =3D (struct kmembuckets *) 0xc031afa4 kup =3D (struct kmemusage *) 0x0 freep =3D (struct freelist *) 0x0 indx =3D 9 npg =3D 0 allocsize =3D -1070540928 s =3D 0 va =3D 0x20202020 <Address 0x20202020 out of bounds> cp =3D 0x0 savedlist =3D 0x0 ksp =3D (struct malloc_type *) 0xffffffff #7 0xc0262dee in ufsdirhash_build (ip=3D0xcbe02500) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/uf= s/ufs_dirhash.c:169 dh =3D (struct dirhash *) 0xcbe02500 bp =3D (struct buf *) 0x0 ep =3D (struct direct *) 0x700 vp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 bmask =3D 16777280 pos =3D -874502912 dirblocks =3D 28 i =3D 0 j =3D 0 memreqd =3D 7562 nblocks =3D 42 narrays =3D 7 nslots =3D 1792 slot =3D 0 #8 0xc025d9f6 in ufs_lookup (ap=3D0xef9fbdac) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_= lookup.c:196 vdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 dp =3D (struct inode *) 0xcbe02500 bp =3D (struct buf *) 0x0 ep =3D (struct direct *) 0x0 entryoffsetinblock =3D -275509472 slotstatus =3D FOUND slotoffset =3D -1 slotsize =3D 0 slotfreespace =3D 0 slotneeded =3D 0 numdirpasses =3D -274743976 endsearch =3D 0 prevoff =3D -1071890945 pdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0x1000040 tdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0x1ad2 enduseful =3D -874473472 bmask =3D 16383 lockparent =3D 0 wantparent =3D 0 namlen =3D 0 error =3D 0 vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 cred =3D (struct ucred *) 0xc8fc9d00 flags =3D 49348 nameiop =3D 0 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 #9 0xc0262c0d in ufs_vnoperate (ap=3D0xef9fbdac) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/u= fs_vnops.c:2376 ap =3D (struct vop_generic_args *) 0x0 #10 0xc01c1fda in vfs_cache_lookup (ap=3D0xef9fbe04) at vnode_if.h:77 rc =3D 0 a =3D {a_desc =3D 0xc02f3cc0, a_dvp =3D 0xeefdd380, a_vpp =3D 0xef9fbe94, = a_cnp =3D 0xef9fbea8} dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 ap =3D (struct vop_lookup_args *) 0x0 dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 vp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xef9fbdc0 lockparent =3D 0 error =3D 0 vpp =3D (struct vnode **) 0xef9fbe94 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 cred =3D (struct ucred *) 0x0 flags =3D 49348 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 vpid =3D 4009594880 #11 0xc0262c0d in ufs_vnoperate (ap=3D0xef9fbe04) at /usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/u= fs_vnops.c:2376 ap =3D (struct vop_generic_args *) 0x0 #12 0xc01c4f45 in lookup (ndp=3D0xef9fbe80) at vnode_if.h:52 a =3D {a_desc =3D 0xc02f3c80, a_dvp =3D 0xeefdd380, a_vpp =3D 0xef9fbe94, = a_cnp =3D 0xef9fbea8} dvp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 cp =3D 0xebc0f42e "" dp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xeefdd380 tdp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xebc76dc0 mp =3D (struct mount *) 0xebc0f42e docache =3D 32 wantparent =3D 0 rdonly =3D 0 trailing_slash =3D 0 error =3D 0 dpunlocked =3D 0 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 #13 0xc01c4a40 in namei (ndp=3D0xef9fbe80) at /usr/src/sys/kern/vfs_lookup.= c:153 fdp =3D (struct filedesc *) 0xebc0f400 cp =3D 0xebc0f400 "/usr/local/sw/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i386" dp =3D (struct vnode *) 0xe986fe00 aiov =3D {iov_base =3D 0xebc0f40d "/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i386", iov= _len =3D 1011} auio =3D {uio_iov =3D 0xef9fbe30, uio_iovcnt =3D 1, uio_offset =3D 13, uio= _resid =3D 1011, uio_segflg =3D UIO_SYSSPACE,=20 uio_rw =3D UIO_READ, uio_procp =3D 0x0} error =3D -377029120 linklen =3D -377029120 cnp =3D (struct componentname *) 0xef9fbea8 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 #14 0xc01ca779 in stat (p=3D0xef940f20, uap=3D0xef9fbf80) at /usr/src/sys/k= ern/vfs_syscalls.c:1794 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 uap =3D (struct stat_args *) 0xef9fbf80 sb =3D {st_dev =3D 3420456960, st_ino =3D 3420457020, st_mode =3D 3872, st= _nlink =3D 61332, st_uid =3D 512, st_gid =3D 4009605632,=20 st_rdev =3D 1, st_atimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D 134713344, tv_nsec =3D 4096},= st_mtimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D -897953088,=20 tv_nsec =3D -1070644224}, st_ctimespec =3D {tv_sec =3D -285361664, tv_n= sec =3D 0}, st_size =3D -1180014721226240224,=20 st_blocks =3D -1180014398828183552, st_blksize =3D 3222849527, st_flags = =3D 3397014208, st_gen =3D 4019457824,=20 st_lspare =3D -275509472, st_qspare =3D {-1180014020871061503, 1261015846= 4}} error =3D -275509472 nd =3D {ni_dirp =3D 0xbfbff070 "/client/man/man1/i386", ni_segflg =3D UIO_= USERSPACE, ni_startdir =3D 0x0,=20 ni_rootdir =3D 0xe986fe00, ni_topdir =3D 0x0, ni_vp =3D 0x0, ni_dvp =3D 0= xeefdd380, ni_pathlen =3D 1, ni_next =3D 0xebc0f42e "",=20 ni_loopcnt =3D 2, ni_cnd =3D {cn_nameiop =3D 0, cn_flags =3D 49348, cn_pr= oc =3D 0xef940f20, cn_cred =3D 0xc8fc9d00,=20 cn_pnbuf =3D 0xebc0f400 "/usr/local/sw/clients/i386_fbsd4/man/man1/i386= ", cn_nameptr =3D 0xebc0f42a "i386", cn_namelen =3D 4,=20 cn_consume =3D 0}} #15 0xc02a14b9 in syscall2 (frame=3D{tf_fs =3D 47, tf_es =3D 47, tf_ds =3D = 47, tf_edi =3D -1077937568, tf_esi =3D 134533803,=20 tf_ebp =3D -1077940160, tf_isp =3D -274743340, tf_ebx =3D -1077940112= , tf_edx =3D 21, tf_ecx =3D -1077940264, tf_eax =3D 188,=20 tf_trapno =3D 12, tf_err =3D 2, tf_eip =3D 671817224, tf_cs =3D 31, t= f_eflags =3D 659, tf_esp =3D -1077940284, tf_ss =3D 47}) at /usr/src/sys/i386/i386/trap.c:1175 params =3D 0xbfbfefc8 "p=F0=BF=BF=E0=EF=BF=BFOA\005(=B7P\b(\205=F0=BF=BF" i =3D 0 callp =3D (struct sysent *) 0xc02fd160 p =3D (struct proc *) 0xef940f20 orig_tf_eflags =3D 659 sticks =3D 0 error =3D 0 narg =3D 2 args =3D {-1077940112, -1077940256, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} have_mplock =3D 1 code =3D 188 #16 0xc0292115 in Xint0x80_syscall () No symbol table info available. #17 0x804b2f1 in ?? () No symbol table info available. #18 0x804b996 in ?? () No symbol table info available. #19 0x80493f1 in ?? () No symbol table info available. #20 0x80491ca in ?? () No symbol table info available. machine i386 #cpu I386_CPU #cpu I486_CPU cpu I586_CPU cpu I686_CPU ident OFFICE=09 maxusers 0 makeoptions DEBUG=3D-g #Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols options DDB options DDB_UNATTENDED options MATH_EMULATE #Support for x87 emulation options INET #InterNETworking options INET6 #IPv6 communications protocols options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!] options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories options MFS #Memory Filesystem options MD_ROOT #MD is a potential root device options NFS #Network Filesystem options NFS_ROOT #NFS usable as root device, NFS required options MSDOSFS #MSDOS Filesystem options CD9660 #ISO 9660 Filesystem options CD9660_ROOT #CD-ROM usable as root, CD9660 required options PROCFS #Process filesystem options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!] options SCSI_DELAY=3D3000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI options UCONSOLE #Allow users to grab the console options USERCONFIG #boot -c editor #options VISUAL_USERCONFIG #visual boot -c editor options KTRACE #ktrace(1) support options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores options SHMALL=3D16384 options SHMMAX=3D"(SHMMAXPGS*PAGE_SIZE+1)" options SHMMAXPGS=3D8192 options SHMMIN=3D128 options SHMMNI=3D128 options SHMSEG=3D96 options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O device isa #device eisa device pci # Floppy drives device fdc0 at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2 device fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 device fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 # # If you have a Toshiba Libretto with its Y-E Data PCMCIA floppy, # don't use the above line for fdc0 but the following one: #device fdc0 # ATA and ATAPI devices device ata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14 device ata1 at isa? port IO_WD2 irq 15 device ata device atadisk # ATA disk drives device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives device atapist # ATAPI tape drives options ATA_STATIC_ID #Static device numbering # SCSI Controllers #device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices #device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T)) #device isp # Qlogic family #device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic #device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets) #options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=3D0x40 # # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when=20 # # both sym and ncr are configured #device adv0 at isa? #device adw #device bt0 at isa? #device aha0 at isa? #device aic0 at isa? #device ncv # NCR 53C500 #device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 #device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50 # SCSI peripherals device scbus # SCSI bus (required) device da # Direct Access (disks) device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc) device cd # CD device ch # Tape changer device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access) # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID #device dpt # DPT Smartcache - See LINT for options! #device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID # RAID controllers #device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID, Dell PERC2/PERC3 #device ida # Compaq Smart RAID #device amr # AMI MegaRAID #device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family device twe # 3ware Escalade # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x0 device psm0 at atkbdc? irq 12 device vga0 at isa? # splash screen/screen saver pseudo-device splash # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100 # Enable this and PCVT_FREEBSD for pcvt vt220 compatible console driver #device vt0 at isa? #options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console #options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor # If you have a ThinkPAD, uncomment this along with the rest of the PCVT li= nes #options PCVT_SCANSET=3D2 # IBM keyboards are non-std # Floating point support - do not disable. device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13 # Power management support (see LINT for more options) device apm0 at nexus? disable flags 0x20 # Advanced Power Management # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support #device card #device pcic0 at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e0 iomem 0xd0000 #device pcic1 at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e2 iomem 0xd4000 disable # Serial (COM) ports device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4 device sio1 at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3 # Parallel port device ppc0 at isa? irq 7 device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required) device lpt # Printer device plip # TCP/IP over parallel device ppi # Parallel port interface device #device vpo # Requires scbus and da # PCI Ethernet NICs. device em # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code. # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs! device miibus # MII bus support #device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558) #device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 NICs #device rl # RealTek 8129/8139 #device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'') #device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016 #device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX) #device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN #device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'') #device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II #device wb # Winbond W89C840F #device wx # Intel Gigabit Ethernet Card (``Wiseman'') #device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'') #device bge # Broadcom BCM570x (``Tigon III'') # ISA Ethernet NICs. # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus' device ed0 at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 iomem 0xd8000 #device ex #device ep #device fe0 at isa? port 0x300 # Xircom Ethernet #device xe # PRISM I IEEE 802.11b wireless NIC. #device awi # WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the WaveLAN/IEEE really # exists only as a PCMCIA device, so there is no ISA attachment needed # and resources will always be dynamically assigned by the pccard code. #device wi # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the declaration below will # work for PCMCIA and PCI cards, as well as ISA cards set to ISA PnP # mode (the factory default). If you set the switches on your ISA # card for a manually chosen I/O address and IRQ, you must specify # those parameters here. #device an # The probe order of these is presently determined by i386/isa/isa_compat.c. #device ie0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 iomem 0xd0000 #device le0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 5 iomem 0xd0000 #device lnc0 at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 drq 0 #device cs0 at isa? port 0x300 #device sn0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate. pseudo-device loop # Network loopback pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support #pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP #pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP #pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel. pseudo-device pty 512 # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc) #pseudo-device md # Memory "disks" #pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling #pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation) # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter. # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this! pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter -Kirill
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